7:48:00 下午
By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
為了幫手邊的 D-Link DES-3828DC switch 加上跨 VLAN 的 DHCP relay 功能，所以得將機器上的 Firmware 從 4.50.B12 更新到 4.50.B16，至於更新的方式就是將新的 firmware image 檔放在 tftp server 上，然後更新到 D-Link 上～這裡稟持本人愛用綠色軟體的習慣，推薦大家可以使用 Tftpd32 來作為 tftp server，有興趣可以去參觀一下(
首頁在此)，或者直接下載
Tftpd32 v3.3 英文綠色版。
首先要將電腦接上網路線連到要更新 Firmware 的 D-Link 上然後直接執行 Tftpd32 讓他跑起來就好，然後把新的 Firmware Image 檔放到 Tftp server，也就是剛剛的電腦上的任意一個目錄下(這裡就先用 C:\ 當範本囉)，然後把 tftp 欄位上的 Current Directory 點 Browse 去選取剛剛的目錄，也就是 C:\ 就好了，接著 telnet 或者要直接連 console 進去 D-Link 都可以，登入之後 (D-Link DES-3828DC 初始是沒有帳號密碼的，直接 enter 就可登入了，記得設個新帳號和密碼喔) 可以看到目前的 Firmware 版本為 Build 4.50.B12。
接著敲入下面的指令：download firmware_fromTFTP 10.255.251.252 des3828r4_4.50.b16.had
其中 10.255.251.252 是我電腦也就是跑 Tftpd server 的 IP address，然後 des3828r4_4.50.b16.had 便是新的 Firmware 檔囉～
這時應該可以看到電腦上的 Tftpd32 有進度出現：
等到跑完時，D-Link 上的結果如下：(做完之後，就下指令 reboot 一下 D-Link switch 吧～)DES-3800:admin# download firmware_fromTFTP 10.255.251.252 des3828r4_4.50.b16.had
Command: download firmware_fromTFTP 10.255.251.252 des3828r4_4.50.b16.had
Connecting to server................... Done.
Download firmware...................... Done. Do not power off!
Please wait, programming flash......... Done.
DES-3800:admin#reboot
Command: reboot
Are you sure to proceed with the system reboot?(y/n)
Please wait, the switch is rebooting...
等到重新開機完畢應該就可以看到如下面的結果：(已經成功更新為 Build 4.50.B16 囉) DES-3828DC Fast Ethernet Switch Command Line Interface
Firmware: Build 4.50.B16
Copyright(c) 2008 D-Link Corporation. All rights reserved.
UserName:Admin
PassWord:********
DES-3800:admin#show switch
Command: show switch
Device Type : DES-3828DC Fast-Ethernet Switch
Combo Port Type : 1000Base-T + 1000Base-T
MAC Address : 00-22-B0-3A-3F-00
IP Address : 10.255.251.253 (Manual)
VLAN Name : default
Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.248
Default Gateway : 10.255.251.254
Boot PROM Version : Build 0.00.010
Firmware Version : Build 4.50.B16
Hardware Version : A2
Serial Number : P19B18B000076
System Name :
System Location :
System Contact :
Spanning Tree : Disabled
GVRP : Disabled
IGMP Snooping : Disabled
MLD Snooping : Disabled
TELNET : Enabled (TCP 23)
SSH : Disabled
WEB : Enabled (TCP 80)
RMON : Disabled
RIP : Disabled
DVMRP : Disabled
PIM : Disabled
OSPF : Disabled
SNMP : Disabled
DES-3800:admin#
(詳全文...)
9:56:00 下午
By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
一直想把這一篇寫完，但卻找不出時間，剛好手邊有機器要做 Channel Bonding，就順便實作順便貼上來分享一下囉，簡單講，在 Linux 上，允許把多個網路介面用一個叫 "bonding" 的 kernel module 以及 Channel bonding interface 來綁成一個 single channel，當然你可以將兩個網卡或更多的網卡綁成一個來用，簡單講就是增加頻寬，達到備援機制～
其實 Channel Bonding 的作法很簡單，只要編輯幾個檔案，再將網路重啟便可，這裡我們的環境是在一台 RHEL5 ES 的機器上要將 eth0 與 eth1 做成 bond0，那麼我們就需要編輯如下的檔案：
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETWORK=10.15.25.0
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=10.15.25.13
USERCTL=no
P.S. 其中 bond0 的 0 視你的需求而定，這裡可以是 1, 2, 3....隨你高興。
接著編輯要被綁訂的網卡介面，這裡要綁訂的是 eth0 跟 eth1 所以就編輯這兩個檔囉：[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
HWADDR=00:22:19:50:BC:7E
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
# Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet
DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=none
HWADDR=00:22:19:50:BC:80
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=KHCDNSS01
GATEWAY=10.15.25.254
再來是編輯 /etc/modprobe.conf 檔案：(這個檔案在 RHEL3 是在：/etc/modules.conf 而在 RHEL4 以後的版本則在：/etc/modprobe.conf)[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# vi /etc/modprobe.conf
alias eth0 bnx2
alias eth1 bnx2
alias scsi_hostadapter megaraid_sas
alias scsi_hostadapter1 ata_piix
alias bond0 bonding
options bond0 miimon=100
P.S. 這裡要注意一下喔，假如你想綁兩個以上的話，那 option 這一行的後面要再多加一個選項喔：max_bonds=3，這代表我要將三個網卡綁成一個 Channel...像下面這樣：options bond0 miimon=100 max_bonds=3
接著只要重啟一下網路就行了，在這之前我們先看一下目前的網路狀況：[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:50:BC:7E
inet addr:10.15.25.13 Bcast:10.15.25.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::222:19ff:fe50:bc7e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:48374222 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4928117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3254586862 (3.0 GiB) TX bytes:561588414 (535.5 MiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:f8000000-f8012100
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:50:BC:80
inet6 addr: fe80::222:19ff:fe50:bc80/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:128 (128.0 b) TX bytes:3354 (3.2 KiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:f4000000-f4012100
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:27284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:27284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:19766775 (18.8 MiB) TX bytes:19766775 (18.8 MiB)
sit0 Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4
NOARP MTU:1480 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
接著我們就重啟一下網路吧：[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth: line 101: /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/slaves: No such file or directory
[ OK ]
Shutting down interface eth1: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth: line 101: /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/slaves: No such file or directory
[ OK ]
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface bond0: [ OK ]
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]#
剛設定完 Channel Bonding 後的第一次重啟看到的這些錯誤訊息是正常的，下次再重啟就不會在看到這些訊息了...我們先看一下 Bonding 的狀態吧：[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)
Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:22:19:50:bc:7e
Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:22:19:50:bc:80
我們順便看一下網路卡的狀況吧：[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# mii-tool -v
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
product info: vendor 00:08:18, model 54 rev 6
basic mode: autonegotiation enabled
basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
eth1: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
product info: vendor 00:08:18, model 54 rev 6
basic mode: autonegotiation enabled
basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 1000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 1
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
Supports Wake-on: g
Wake-on: d
Link detected: yes
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# ethtool eth1
Settings for eth1:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 1000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 1
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
Supports Wake-on: g
Wake-on: d
Link detected: yes
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]#
再來我們看一下目前網卡的 IP 為何：是不是多了一個 bond0 的介面了啊？[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# ifconfig -a
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:50:BC:7E
inet addr:10.15.25.13 Bcast:10.15.25.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::222:19ff:fe50:bc7e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:76 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:8088 (7.8 KiB) TX bytes:20800 (20.3 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:50:BC:7E
inet6 addr: fe80::222:19ff:fe50:bc7e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:40 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:4548 (4.4 KiB) TX bytes:10601 (10.3 KiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:f8000000-f8012100
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:50:BC:7E
inet6 addr: fe80::222:19ff:fe50:bc7e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:19 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3540 (3.4 KiB) TX bytes:10199 (9.9 KiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:f4000000-f4012100
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:27284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:27284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:19766775 (18.8 MiB) TX bytes:19766775 (18.8 MiB)
sit0 Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4
NOARP MTU:1480 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]#
接著我們做個小試驗，把 eth0 跟 eth1 的網路線拔插個幾次看看，我發現每次的拔插大概掉一個封包，所以兩條網路線各五次的拔插共掉了 10 個封包，不過 session 倒是不會斷：[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.2.4 (January 28, 2008)
Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 5
Permanent HW addr: 00:22:19:50:bc:7e
Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 5
Permanent HW addr: 00:22:19:50:bc:80
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]#
以上，報告完畢～
(詳全文...)
接著敲入下面的指令：
等到跑完時，D-Link 上的結果如下：(做完之後，就下指令 reboot 一下 D-Link switch 吧～)
