洋蔥爸的工作雜記

SNMP proxy to Sub-Agent on LINUX server 實作

8:22:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

上次的 snmp 測試中，測試匯入了 RADIUS 相關的幾個 MIB 檔，並用 snmptranslate 確認過 snmpd 已經可以認得我們所新匯入的 OBJECT-TYPE 與 OID了；但是，如果使用 snmpwalk 去查詢相關 OID 的值時，卻會出現查詢不到的窘境。

那麼對於一個系統不認得的 OID 要怎麼辦呢？我們來示範一下用 proxy 的選項達到這個結果。今天的範例是，在原本的 AAA Server 上，除了原本系統的 snmpd 以外，另外啟動一個 AAA 的 snmp Agent，假設這個新的 Agent 所 Listening 的 port 為 1461，那麼，目前系統上就應該有在 listening 下面的這些 ports：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# netstat -an |grep 161
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:161 0.0.0.0:*
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# netstat -an |grep 162
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:162 0.0.0.0:*
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 21620 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# netstat -an |grep 1461
udp 0 0 :::1461 :::*

其中 0 0.0.0.0:161 是系統 snmpd 所使用的，而 0 :::1461 是新 AAA Agent 所使用。

這裡我們先列一下關於 porxy 這個 option 的用法：

proxy [-Cn CONTEXTNAME] [SNMPCMD ARGS] HOST OID [REMOTEOID]
This token specifies that any incoming requests under OID should be proxied on to another HOST instead. If a CONTEXTNAME is specified, it assigns the proxied tree to a particular context name within the local agent. This is the proper way to query multiple agents through a single proxy. Assign each remote agent to a different context name. Then you can use "snmpwalk -n contextname1" to walk one remote proxied agent and "snmpwalk -n contextname2" to walk another, assuming you are using SNMPv3 to talk to the proxy (snmpv1 and snmpv2c context mappings aren't currently supported but might be in the future). Optionally, relocate the local OID tree to the new location at the REMOTEOID. To authenticate to HOST you should use the appropriate set of SNMPCMD ARGS. See the snmpcmd(1) manual page for details.

接下來我們編輯一下 snmp 的設定檔，將下面這一行加到檔案的最後就可以：(這一行便是要將 OID 為 1.3.6.1.2.1.67 以下的轉給 localhost:1461 也就是 AAA Agent 來處理啦 )

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
#前面這些設定就省略不列出來了...
proxy -v 2c -c public localhost:1461 .1.3.6.1.2.1.67
~
~
"/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf" 481L, 19481C written

存檔離開，再重啟 snmpd 之前我們先觀察一下目前 snmpwalk 的結果：
首先這是經由 snmpd:161 查詢 SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 的結果：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1
SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux KHXAAAS2 2.6.9-67.ELsmp #1 SMP Wed Nov 7 13:58:04 EST 2007 i686

接著這是經由 snmpd:161 查詢 RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB::radiusAuthServIdent.0 的結果：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.67.1.1.1.1.1.0
RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB::radiusAuthServIdent.0 = No Such Object available on this agent at this OID

很明顯的目前透過 snmpd 的 161 port 是查詢不到 RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB::radiusAuthServIdent.0 的內容的；
接下來我們再試一下經由 AAA Agent:1461 查詢 RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB::radiusAuthServIdent.0 的結果：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost:1461 .1.3.6.1.2.1.67.1.1.1.1.1.0
RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB::radiusAuthServIdent.0 = STRING: Alcatel-Lucent 8950 AAA PolicyServer, Version 6.0.1

所以目前的狀況就是，分開以 port 161 和 1461 只可以分別查詢到不同 OID 的值；

接著我們重啟一下 snmpd 服務，讓剛剛的 proxy 設定讀進去：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# service snmpd restart
Stopping snmpd: [ OK ]
Starting snmpd: [ OK ]

好了，讓我們再試一次吧：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.67.1.1.1.1.1.0
RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB::radiusAuthServIdent.0 = STRING: Alcatel-Lucent 8950 AAA PolicyServer, Version 6.0.1
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost:1461 .1.3.6.1.2.1.67.1.1.1.1.1.0
RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB::radiusAuthServIdent.0 = STRING: Alcatel-Lucent 8950 AAA PolicyServer, Version 6.0.1

很明顯的，在加上這一行之後，直接查詢 snmpd:161 已經可以看到跟查詢 AAA Agent:1461 相同的結果囉～

這裡有兩篇 snmpd 相關 command 的詳細使用說明可以參考喔：
http://pwet.fr/man/linux/formats/snmp/snmpd_conf
http://pwet.fr/man/linux/commandes/snmpcmd

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SNMP 匯入新 MIB on LINUX server

10:33:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

這次我們要測試的機器仍然是 RHEL ES4U6 的環境，已經裝好相關的 net-snmp (net-snmp-5.1.2-11.EL4.11) 程式，下面列出測試要匯入的為 RADIUS 相關的幾個 MIB 檔：

RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB.txt
RADIUS-AUTH-CLIENT-MIB.txt
RADIUS-ACC-SERVER-MIB.txt
RADIUS-ACC-CLIENT-MIB.txt
RADIUS-DYNAUTH-SERVER-MIB.txt
RADIUS-DYNAUTH-CLIENT-MIB.txt

先用 snmptranslate 來確認一下 snmpd 是否可以認得我們要匯入的 OBJECT-TYPE 與 OID：

[root@KHXAAAS2 mibs]# snmptranslate -On -IR radiusAuthServMIBCompliance
Unknown object identifier: radiusAuthServMIBCompliance
[root@KHXAAAS2 mibs]# snmptranslate -Td .1.3.6.1.2.1.67.1.1.2.1.1
SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.67.1.1.2.1.1
mib-2 OBJECT-TYPE
-- FROM SNMPv2-SMI, RFC1213-MIB
::= { iso(1) org(3) dod(6) internet(1) mgmt(2) mib-2(1) 67 1 1 2 1 1 }

看起來目前是翻譯不出我們所要查 RADIUS 相關的 OBJECT-TYPE 與 OID，好了，接下來就是這次的工作囉：

首先，我們將 RADIUS 這幾個 MIB 檔複製到 /usr/share/snmp/mibs 底下：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] mkdir -p $HOME/.snmp
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] cp -p /tmp/RADIUS* /usr/share/snmp/mibs/

接著就是告訴 snmpd 去 load 這些 MIB:

有兩種方式，暫時測試可用第一種方法，只對目前的 session 有效：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] export MIBS=+MY-MIB

或者是第二種方法：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] echo "mibs +RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB" >> $HOME/.snmp/snmp.conf
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] echo "mibs +RADIUS-AUTH-CLIENT-MIB" >> $HOME/.snmp/snmp.conf
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] echo "mibs +RADIUS-ACC-SERVER-MIB" >> $HOME/.snmp/snmp.conf
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] echo "mibs +RADIUS-ACC-CLIENT-MIB" >> $HOME/.snmp/snmp.conf
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] echo "mibs +RADIUS-DYNAUTH-SERVER-MIB" >> $HOME/.snmp/snmp.conf
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] echo "mibs +RADIUS-DYNAUTH-CLIENT-MIB" >> $HOME/.snmp/snmp.conf

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~] echo "mibs +ALL" >> $HOME/.snmp/snmp.conf

也是可以，用 ALL 會把所有可用的 MIB 都 LOAD 進來，當然包括剛剛的幾個測試 MIB 檔，不過速度上會比較慢喔。(注意喔，如果是用 echo "mibs +RADIUS-DYNAUTH-CLIENT-MIB" 的方式，要記得把後面的 .txt 去掉喔～)

好了，先看一下 MIBDIR 的目錄下有些什麼囉：

[root@KHXAAAS2 mibs]# pwd
/usr/share/snmp/mibs
[root@KHXAAAS2 mibs]# ls -alrt
total 1740
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38034 Jul 19 2007 SNMPv2-TC.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8924 Jul 19 2007 SNMPv2-SMI.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29305 Jul 19 2007 SNMPv2-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8263 Jul 19 2007 SNMPv2-CONF.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9106 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-PROXY-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1174 Jul 19 2007 RFC-1215.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79667 Jul 19 2007 RFC1213-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3067 Jul 19 2007 RFC1155-SMI.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71691 Jul 19 2007 IF-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5066 Jul 19 2007 IF-INVERTED-STACK-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 84492 Jul 19 2007 EtherLike-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4076 Jul 19 2007 UDP-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10765 Jul 19 2007 TCP-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2205 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-USM-AES-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147822 Jul 19 2007 RMON-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24723 Jul 19 2007 NOTIFICATION-LOG-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4400 Jul 19 2007 IPV6-UDP-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2367 Jul 19 2007 IPV6-TC.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7257 Jul 19 2007 IPV6-TCP-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48703 Jul 19 2007 IPV6-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15936 Jul 19 2007 IPV6-ICMP-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23499 Jul 19 2007 IP-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26781 Jul 19 2007 IP-FORWARD-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12517 Jul 19 2007 INET-ADDRESS-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4660 Jul 19 2007 HCNUM-TC.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64311 Jul 19 2007 DISMAN-SCRIPT-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24613 Jul 19 2007 DISMAN-SCHEDULE-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17455 Jul 19 2007 AGENTX-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35242 Jul 19 2007 UCD-SNMP-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8118 Jul 19 2007 UCD-IPFWACC-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2163 Jul 19 2007 UCD-DEMO-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22769 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-TARGET-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4628 Jul 19 2007 SMUX-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4318 Jul 19 2007 NET-SNMP-TC.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2036 Jul 19 2007 NET-SNMP-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6741 Jul 19 2007 NET-SNMP-EXAMPLES-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15650 Jul 19 2007 NET-SNMP-AGENT-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4299 Jul 19 2007 IANA-LANGUAGE-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20126 Jul 19 2007 IANAifType-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4743 Jul 19 2007 IANA-ADDRESS-FAMILY-NUMBERS-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10583 Jul 19 2007 HOST-RESOURCES-TYPES.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52544 Jul 19 2007 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3010 Jul 19 2007 UCD-DLMOD-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3198 Jul 19 2007 UCD-DISKIO-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34162 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5775 Jul 19 2007 SNMPv2-TM.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39201 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20014 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-NOTIFICATION-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5496 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-MPD-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22342 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15490 Jul 19 2007 SNMP-COMMUNITY-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5931 Jul 19 2007 LM-SENSORS-MIB.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68177 Jul 19 2007 DISMAN-EVENT-MIB.txt
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jun 12 04:28 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 28446 Aug 29 00:32 RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 26373 Aug 29 00:32 RADIUS-AUTH-CLIENT-MIB.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 26281 Aug 29 00:32 RADIUS-ACC-SERVER-MIB.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 23747 Aug 29 00:32 RADIUS-ACC-CLIENT-MIB.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 29247 Aug 29 00:32 RADIUS-DYNAUTH-SERVER-MIB.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root root 31892 Aug 29 00:32 RADIUS-DYNAUTH-CLIENT-MIB.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 2 10:16 .
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2058 Oct 2 10:16 .index

不用重起 snmpd 的服務，我們直接再查詢一次試試看：

[root@KHXAAAS2 mibs]# snmptranslate -On -IR radiusAuthServMIBCompliance
.1.3.6.1.2.1.67.1.1.2.1.1
[root@KHXAAAS2 mibs]# snmptranslate -Td .1.3.6.1.2.1.67.1.1.2.1.1
RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB::radiusAuthServMIBCompliance
radiusAuthServMIBCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
-- FROM RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB
DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for authentication
servers implementing the RADIUS Authentication
Server MIB. Implementation of this module is for
IPv4-only entities, or for backwards compatibility
use with entities that support both IPv4 and
IPv6."
::= { iso(1) org(3) dod(6) internet(1) mgmt(2) mib-2(1) radiusMIB(67) radiusAuthentication(1) radiusAuthServMIB(1) radiusAuthServMIBConformance(2) radiusAuthServMIBCompliances(1) 1 }

果然就可以查詢的到 RADIUS 的 OBJECT-TYPE 與 OID 囉...

參考資料：Net-SNMP FAQ How do I add a MIB

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SNMP on LINUX server 實作(二)--補遺

11:53:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

回到公司測試另外一台機器時才發現，噫？這台機器上怎麼沒有 snmpwalk 之類的指令可以用呢？同樣是 RHEL ES4U6 啊，其實這個問題很簡單，只是因為這一台機器當初安裝只選了部分安裝，所以關於 snmp 的部分僅安裝了 net-snmp 的 package，卻沒有安裝相關的 utility 罷了。

先看一下目前系統上關於 snmp 的指令有哪些：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# ls -al /usr/sbin/snmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25180 Jul 19 2007 /usr/sbin/snmpd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 21700 Jul 19 2007 /usr/sbin/snmptrapd
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# ls -al /usr/bin/snmp*
ls: /usr/bin/snmp*: No such file or directory

可以看得出目前只有兩個 snmp daemon 而已，其餘相關的指令都不存在。
再檢查一下目前所安裝的 rpm：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# rpm -qa|grep net-snmp
net-snmp-libs-5.1.2-11.EL4.11
net-snmp-5.1.2-11.EL4.11
[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]#

果然沒有看到 net-snmp-utils-5.1.2-11.EL4.11 的影子啊...

到 Google 上搜尋一下或者直接到 RPM Search 去抓一個回來用吧...

這裡列出這個 RPM 檔的 Requires :

perl(Net::SMTP)
libnetsnmp.so.5
perl(Getopt::Std)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.0)
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1 /usr/bin/perl libcrypto.so.4 libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3) libelf.so.1 libm.so.6 rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1) net-snmp = 5.1.2 perl(File::Copy) perl(Data::Dumper) perl(IO::File) perl(Term::ReadLine) libc.so.6

下面是這個 RPM 檔中的可用指令部分：(Content of RPM :)

/usr/bin/encode_keychange
/usr/bin/fixproc
/usr/bin/ipf-mod.pl
/usr/bin/snmpbulkget
/usr/bin/snmpbulkwalk
/usr/bin/snmpconf
/usr/bin/snmpdelta
/usr/bin/snmpdf
/usr/bin/snmpget
/usr/bin/snmpgetnext
/usr/bin/snmpinform
/usr/bin/snmpnetstat
/usr/bin/snmpset
/usr/bin/snmpstatus
/usr/bin/snmptable
/usr/bin/snmptest
/usr/bin/snmptranslate
/usr/bin/snmptrap
/usr/bin/snmpusm
/usr/bin/snmpvacm
/usr/bin/snmpwalk
/usr/bin/traptoemail

抓到了 net-snmp-utils-5.1.2-11.EL4.11.i386.rpm 之後直接 ftp 到待測機器上吧，這次開個目錄 /rpm 專門擺放 RPM packages 好了：

[root@KHXAAAS2 ~]# cd /rpm
[root@KHXAAAS2 rpm]# ls -al
total 184
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 24 18:15 .
drwxr-xr-x 27 root root 4096 Sep 24 18:15 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 162078 Sep 24 18:15 net-snmp-utils-5.1.2-11.EL4.11.i386.rpm

接下來就直接安裝吧：

[root@KHXAAAS2 rpm]# rpm -Uvh net-snmp-utils-5.1.2-11.EL4.11.i386.rpm
warning: net-snmp-utils-5.1.2-11.EL4.11.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1d1e034b
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:net-snmp-utils ########################################### [100%]

好了，這時我們再檢查一次 snmp 相關的指令吧：

[root@KHXAAAS2 rpm]# ls -al /usr/sbin/snmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 25180 Jul 19 2007 /usr/sbin/snmpd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 21700 Jul 19 2007 /usr/sbin/snmptrapd
[root@KHXAAAS2 rpm]# ls -al /usr/bin/snmp*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6820 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpbulkget
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8560 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpbulkwalk
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 21177 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpconf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15076 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpdelta
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8804 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpdf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6504 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpget
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6368 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpgetnext
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Sep 24 18:16 /usr/bin/snmpinform -> snmptrap
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 42948 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpnetstat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7960 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpset
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10556 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpstatus
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18148 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmptable
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11516 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmptest
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10912 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmptranslate
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9272 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmptrap
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 17612 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpusm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15916 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpvacm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8352 May 3 2007 /usr/bin/snmpwalk
[root@KHXAAAS2 rpm]#

果然多了不少有用的指令囉～

[root@KHXAAAS2 rpm]# rpm -qa|grep net-snmp
net-snmp-libs-5.1.2-11.EL4.11
net-snmp-5.1.2-11.EL4.11
net-snmp-utils-5.1.2-11.EL4.11

各個指令的詳細說明可以參考 Net-SNMP 官方網站的教學：
http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Tutorials

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SNMP on LINUX server 實作

2:27:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

這幾天把 site 的幾台機器開始要加到 SNMP server 裡，所以得先把幾台機器上的 SNMP 打開設定好，至少要能從 SNMP server 去 polling，然後能送 SNMP Traps 到 SNMP server 去...

先檢查一下 snmpd 的狀態，應該是未啟動的：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# service snmpd status
snmpd is stopped

再檢查一下是否開機會啟動 snmpd 的服務：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# chkconfig --list|grep snmpd
snmpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off

所以我們先用 chkconfig 的指令讓 snmpd 一開機便會自行啟動：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# chkconfig --level 345 snmpd on

接著打開 snmpd 的服務：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# service snmpd start
Starting snmpd: [ OK ]

再來我們先嘗試著用 snmpwalk 的指令來查詢一下主機：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# snmpwalk -v 1 localhost -c public system
Timeout: No Response from localhost
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost system
Timeout: No Response from localhost

關於 snmpwalk 的用法，可以直接看 manual：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# snmpwalk
No hostname specified.
USAGE: snmpwalk [OPTIONS] AGENT [OID]

Version: 5.1.2
Web: http://www.net-snmp.org/
Email: net-snmp-coders@lists.sourceforge.net

OPTIONS:
-h, --help display this help message
-H display configuration file directives understood
-v 1|2c|3 specifies SNMP version to use
-V, --version display package version number
SNMP Version 1 or 2c specific
-c COMMUNITY set the community string
SNMP Version 3 specific
-a PROTOCOL set authentication protocol (MD5|SHA)
-A PASSPHRASE set authentication protocol pass phrase
-e ENGINE-ID set security engine ID (e.g. 800000020109840301)
-E ENGINE-ID set context engine ID (e.g. 800000020109840301)
-l LEVEL set security level (noAuthNoPriv|authNoPriv|authPriv)
-n CONTEXT set context name (e.g. bridge1)
-u USER-NAME set security name (e.g. bert)
-x PROTOCOL set privacy protocol (DES|AES)
-X PASSPHRASE set privacy protocol pass phrase
-Z BOOTS,TIME set destination engine boots/time
General communication options
-r RETRIES set the number of retries
-t TIMEOUT set the request timeout (in seconds)
Debugging
-d dump input/output packets in hexadecimal
-D TOKEN[,...] turn on debugging output for the specified TOKENs
(ALL gives extremely verbose debugging output)
General options
-m MIB[:...] load given list of MIBs (ALL loads everything)
-M DIR[:...] look in given list of directories for MIBs
-P MIBOPTS Toggle various defaults controlling MIB parsing:
u: allow the use of underlines in MIB symbols
c: disallow the use of "--" to terminate comments
d: save the DESCRIPTIONs of the MIB objects
e: disable errors when MIB symbols conflict
w: enable warnings when MIB symbols conflict
W: enable detailed warnings when MIB symbols conflict
R: replace MIB symbols from latest module
-O OUTOPTS Toggle various defaults controlling output display:
a: print all strings in ascii format
b: do not break OID indexes down
e: print enums numerically
E: escape quotes in string indices
f: print full OIDs on output
n: print OIDs numerically
q: quick print for easier parsing
Q: quick print with equal-signs
s: print only last symbolic element of OID
S: print MIB module-id plus last element
t: print timeticks unparsed as numeric integers
T: print human-readable text along with hex strings
u: print OIDs using UCD-style prefix suppression
U: don't print units
v: print values only (not OID = value)
x: print all strings in hex format
X: extended index format
-I INOPTS Toggle various defaults controlling input parsing:
b: do best/regex matching to find a MIB node
h: don't apply DISPLAY-HINTs
r: do not check values for range/type legality
R: do random access to OID labels
u: top-level OIDs must have '.' prefix (UCD-style)
s SUFFIX: Append all textual OIDs with SUFFIX before parsing
S PREFIX: Prepend all textual OIDs with PREFIX before parsing
-L LOGOPTS Toggle various defaults controlling logging:
e: log to standard error
o: log to standard output
f file: log to the specified file
s facility: log to syslog (via the specified facility)

(variants)
[EO] pri: log to standard error/output for level 'pri' and above
[EO] p1-p2: log to standard error/output for levels 'p1' to 'p2'
[FS] pri token: log to file/syslog for level 'pri' and above
[FS] p1-p2 token: log to file/syslog for levels 'p1' to 'p2'
-C APPOPTS Set various application specific behaviours:
p: print the number of variables found
i: include given OID in the search range
c: do not check returned OIDs are increasing
t: Display wall-clock time to complete the request

剛剛，我們分別用 v1 跟 v2c 去查詢都沒得到回應，因為 snmpd 的設定檔還沒編輯過，所以我們先編輯一下 /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf 檔，這是 snmpd 的設定檔，其中有幾個地方要改的：

1.首先找一下 com2sec notConfigUser default public 這一段，然後改成如下所示：(其中 10.16.25.25 是 SNMP server 的 IP address)

#com2sec notConfigUser default public
com2sec local localhost public
com2sec mynetwork 10.16.25.25 public

2. 再來是找 group notConfigGroup v1 notConfigUser 這一段，然後改成如下所示：

#group notConfigGroup v1 notConfigUser
#group notConfigGroup v2c notConfigUser
group MyRWGroup v1 local
group MyRWGroup v2c local
group MyROGroup v1 mynetwork
group MyROGroup v2c mynetwork

3. 接著是找 view all included .1 80 這一段，然後改成如下所示：(把前面的 # 去掉)

## incl/excl subtree mask
view all included .1 80

4. 找到 #access MyROGroup "" any noauth 0 all none none 這一段，改成如下所示：

#access MyROGroup "" any noauth 0 all none none
#access MyRWGroup "" any noauth 0 all all all
access MyROGroup "" any noauth prefix all none none
access MyRWGroup "" any noauth prefix all all all

5. 再找一下 syslocation Unknown (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.conf)這一段，改成如下所示：(其中 syslocation 用來告知你機器所在的位置)

syslocation GangShan
syscontact Root (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)

6. 接下來是設定 process monitor 的部分，找到 #proc mountd 這一行的位置，這裡假設我們機器上面有 ftp 的服務，而且我們想監視服務的狀態那就可以改成如下所示：

#proc mountd
proc snmpd
proc vsftpd

procfix vsftpd /sbin/service vsftpd restart

(其中 procfix 那一行是在 process 沒有 running 時執行的)。

7. 再來是關於硬碟容量的監視，找到 #disk / 10000 這一段，這裡假設我們要監視 / ，上限是 85% 的使用限制，我們可以設定如下：

#disk / 10000
disk / 15%

好囉，先改這一部分，存檔然後將 snmpd 的服務重啟吧：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# service snmpd restart
Stopping snmpd: [ OK ]
Starting snmpd: [ OK ]

8. 好了，做個簡單的測試吧，先查詢一下硬碟的監視狀況吧：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPath.1 = STRING: /
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.1 = STRING: /dev/sda2
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinimum.1 = INTEGER: -1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinPercent.1 = INTEGER: 15
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTotal.1 = INTEGER: 41286828
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskAvail.1 = INTEGER: 31760584
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskUsed.1 = INTEGER: 7428960
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPercent.1 = INTEGER: 19
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPercentNode.1 = INTEGER: 6
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskErrorFlag.1 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskErrorMsg.1 = STRING:

9. 再來，查詢一下服務的監視狀況吧：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.2
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prIndex.2 = INTEGER: 2
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prNames.1 = STRING: snmpd
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prNames.2 = STRING: vsftpd
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prMin.1 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prMin.2 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prMax.1 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prMax.2 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prCount.1 = INTEGER: 1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prCount.2 = INTEGER: 1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrorFlag.1 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrorFlag.2 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrMessage.1 = STRING:
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrMessage.2 = STRING:
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrFix.1 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrFix.2 = INTEGER: 0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrFixCmd.1 = STRING:
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrFixCmd.2 = STRING: /sbin/service vsftpd restart

假設我現在將 vsftpd 服務給停下來，那麼再做一次 snmp query 就會發現 1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.2.1.101 (UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrMessage.2)的內容變成了：

UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrMessage.2 = STRING: No vsftpd process running.

10. 接著我們在做個測試，直接用 snmptrap 的指令將 UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrMessage.2 的值當成 traps 的內容送出到 SNMP server 去：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# /usr/bin/snmptrap -v 2c -c public 10.16.25.25 "" .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.2.1.101 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.2.1.101 s "HOST:KHXP
PROVS1|EVENT=No vsftpd process running."

另外，我們打開 tcpdump 看一下是否有攔到這個 traps 送出：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# tcpdump -vvvXX host 10.16.25.25 -i eth0 and port 162 -s 0
tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes

18:23:55.648888 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto 17, length: 165) KHXPROVS1.tatung.net.tw.32796 > 10.16.25.25.snmptrap: [bad udp cksum a09d!] { SNMPv2c { V2Trap(121) R=2145043168 system.sysUpTime.0=37325417 S:1.1.4.1.0=E:2021.2.1.101 E:2021.2.1.101="HOST:KHXPROVS1|EVENT=No vsftpd process running." } }
0x0000: 001d 0926 b7cd 001e c9ad 5464 0800 4500 ...&......Td..E.
0x0010: 00a5 0000 4000 4011 f3ef 0a10 1920 0a10 ....@.@.........
0x0020: 1919 801c 00a2 0091 46fb 3081 8602 0101 ........F.0.....
0x0030: 0406 7075 626c 6963 a779 0204 7fda c2e0 ..public.y......
0x0040: 0201 0002 0100 306b 3010 0608 2b06 0102 ......0k0...+...
0x0050: 0101 0300 4304 0239 8a69 3018 060a 2b06 ....C..9.i0...+.
0x0060: 0106 0301 0104 0100 060a 2b06 0104 018f ..........+.....
0x0070: 6502 0165 303d 060a 2b06 0104 018f 6502 e..e0=..+.....e.
0x0080: 0165 042f 484f 5354 3a4b 4858 5052 4f56 .e./HOST:KHXPROV
0x0090: 5331 7c45 5645 4e54 3d4e 6f20 7673 6674 S1|EVENT=No.vsft
0x00a0: 7064 2070 726f 6365 7373 2072 756e 6e69 pd.process.runni
0x00b0: 6e67 2e ng.

1 packets captured
1 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]#

測試完畢，如果這時在 SNMP server 上有 MIB Browser 之類的軟體，便可收到剛剛送出的 ALARM Traps 囉。

下次有機會再把檢查以及送 traps 出去的簡單 scripts 列上來給大家參考吧...

此處列出其他幾個常用的語法：

設定基本的 snmpd 參數：
snmpconf -i -g basic_setup (輔助建立、修改配置文件)
snmpget -v 1 -c public 127.0.0.1 ssCpuRawSystem.0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::ssCpuRawSystem.0 = Counter32: 2377652724

轉換物件名稱的數值形式與可閱讀形式、查詢 MIB 資訊：

snmptranslate -On -Td -IR ssCpuRawSystem
.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.52
ssCpuRawSystem OBJECT-TYPE
— FROM UCD-SNMP-MIB
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION “system CPU time.”
::= { iso(1) org(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprises(1) ucdavis(2021) systemStats(11) 52 }

snmptranslate -Td .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.52
UCD-SNMP-MIB::ssCpuRawSystem
ssCpuRawSystem OBJECT-TYPE
— FROM UCD-SNMP-MIB
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION “system CPU time.”
::= { iso(1) org(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprises(1) ucdavis(2021) systemStats(11) 52 }

以 SNMP 查詢網路上主機的硬碟用量：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# snmpdf -v 1 -c public -Cu khxprovs1 (<<>
Description size (kB) Used Available Used%
/ 41286828 7433684 33853144 18%

取得網路上主機系統狀態：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# snmpstatus -v 1 -c public khxprovs1 (<<>
[127.0.0.1]=>[Linux KHXPROVS1 2.6.9-55.ELsmp #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 17:03:35 EDT 2007 i686] Up: 16:15:02.30
Interfaces: 0, Recv/Trans packets: 1529/1529 | IP: 38894376/58055763

Net-SNMP 首頁：http://www.net-snmp.org/
查詢 MIB file 或 OID 的好站：ipMonitor Support Portal :: Mibs

噗浪這篇文章

(詳全文...)

LINUX Java 環境及 Tomcat 安裝

11:09:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

今天實作的機器為 Dell-1950 安裝的 OS 為 RHEL ES4 Update5，首先我們要先實作安裝 JAVA JDK, 因此我們先從 Java SE Downloads 下載 JDK 6 Update 7：

進入剛剛的頁面後，選擇 JDK 6 Update 7 的 Download 按鈕 (這個版本內還包含了 Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 囉)，接下來看到 "Select Platform and Language for your download:" 時選擇你的 OS 跟語言，這裡我選擇 Linux 的 Platfrom 以及 Multi-Language 為 Language 選擇同意後按 "Continus" 下載 "jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin"。

或者從 Sun Microsystems 下載 Linux 專用的 Java 軟體：

進到剛剛的連結頁面後，按下 Linux RPM (自我解壓縮檔) 便可下載 JDK 6 Update 7。
--- 建議下載 RPM 自解壓縮格式的（RPM in self-extracting file，jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin）

再來是將檔案上傳到這次實作的機器上，這裡就先 ftp 到 /opt 吧：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# cd /opt
[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# ls -alrt
total 181532
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 25 22:22 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248493 Jul 1 14:35 iperf-2.0.4.tar.gz
drwxrwxrwx 8 501 501 4096 Jul 1 14:36 iperf-2.0.4
drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Aug 27 15:56 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:32 .
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74397909 Sep 4 09:37 jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin

將檔案權限改為可執行檔：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# chmod +x jdk-6u6-linux-i586-rpm.bin
[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# ls -alrt
total 181532
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 25 22:22 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248493 Jul 1 14:35 iperf-2.0.4.tar.gz
drwxrwxrwx 8 501 501 4096 Jul 1 14:36 iperf-2.0.4
drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Aug 27 15:56 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:32 .
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 74397909 Sep 4 09:37 jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin

要開始安裝 JDK囉, 安裝時會有一段 Sun 的協議，敲幾個空白鍵，當詢問是否同意時，敲 yes 就好。

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# ./jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin
Sun Microsystems, Inc. Binary Code License Agreement

for the JAVA SE DEVELOPMENT KIT (JDK), VERSION 6

SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. ("SUN") IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE
SOFTWARE IDENTIFIED BELOW TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION
THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS BINARY
CODE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS
(COLLECTIVELY "AGREEMENT"). PLEASE READ THE AGREEMENT
CAREFULLY. BY DOWNLOADING OR INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU
ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT. INDICATE ACCEPTANCE BY
SELECTING THE "ACCEPT" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
AGREEMENT. IF YOU ARE NOT WILLING TO BE BOUND BY ALL THE
TERMS, SELECT THE "DECLINE" BUTTON AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
AGREEMENT AND THE DOWNLOAD OR INSTALL PROCESS WILL NOT
CONTINUE.

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Computers and Servers" means computers, including desktop,
laptop and tablet computers, or servers, used for general
computing functions under end user control (such as but not
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The use of Software in systems and solutions that provide
dedicated functionality (other than as mentioned above) or
designed for use in embedded or function-specific software
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D. Java Technology Restrictions. You may not create,
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as specified by Sun in any naming convention designation.

E. Distribution by Publishers. This section pertains to
your distribution of the Software with your printed book or
magazine (as those terms are commonly used in the industry)
relating to Java technology ("Publication"). Subject to and
conditioned upon your compliance with the restrictions and
obligations contained in the Agreement, in addition to the
license granted in Paragraph 1 above, Sun hereby grants to
you a non-exclusive, nontransferable limited right to
reproduce complete and unmodified copies of the Software on
electronic media (the "Media") for the sole purpose of
inclusion and distribution with your Publication(s),
subject to the following terms: (i) You may not distribute
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Development Kit 6; (iv) The Software must be reproduced in
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(including, without limitation, the Binary Code License and
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(v) The Media label shall include the following
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on the Media; (vii) You may not include any third party
software on the Media which is intended to be a replacement
or substitute for the Software; (viii) You shall indemnify
Sun for all damages arising from your failure to comply
with the requirements of this Agreement. In addition, you
shall defend, at your expense, any and all claims brought
against Sun by third parties, and shall pay all damages
awarded by a court of competent jurisdiction, or such
settlement amount negotiated by you, arising out of or in
connection with your use, reproduction or distribution of
the Software and/or the Publication. Your obligation to
provide indemnification under this section shall arise
provided that Sun: (a) provides you prompt notice of the
claim; (b) gives you sole control of the defense and
settlement of the claim; (c) provides you, at your expense,
with all available information, assistance and authority to
defend; and (d) has not compromised or settled such claim
without your prior written consent; and (ix) You shall
provide Sun with a written notice for each Publication;
such notice shall include the following information: (1)
title of Publication, (2) author(s), (3) date of
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shall be sent to Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network
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F. Source Code. Software may contain source code that,
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For inquiries please contact: Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150
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Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no]
yes
Unpacking...
Checksumming...
Extracting...
UnZipSFX 5.50 of 17 February 2002, by Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs@lists.wku.edu).
inflating: jdk-6u7-linux-i586.rpm
inflating: sun-javadb-common-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
inflating: sun-javadb-core-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
inflating: sun-javadb-client-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
inflating: sun-javadb-demo-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
inflating: sun-javadb-docs-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
inflating: sun-javadb-javadoc-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:jdk ########################################### [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
rt.jar...
jsse.jar...
charsets.jar...
tools.jar...
localedata.jar...
plugin.jar...
javaws.jar...
deploy.jar...
Installing JavaDB
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:sun-javadb-common ########################################### [ 17%]
2:sun-javadb-core ########################################### [ 33%]
3:sun-javadb-client ########################################### [ 50%]
4:sun-javadb-demo ########################################### [ 67%]
5:sun-javadb-docs ########################################### [ 83%]
6:sun-javadb-javadoc ########################################### [100%]

Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed.

Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits:
* Notification of new versions, patches, and updates
* Special offers on Sun products, services and training
* Access to early releases and documentation

Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration
supports a browser, the Sun Product Registration form for
the JDK will be presented. If you do not register, none of
this information will be saved. You may also register your
JDK later by opening the register.html file (located in
the JDK installation directory) in a browser.

For more information on what data Registration collects and
how it is managed and used, see:
http://java.sun.com/javase/registration/JDKRegistrationPrivacy.html

Press Enter to continue.....

Done.

檢查一下目前安裝的 JAVA 吧：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# rpm -qa|grep java
sun-javadb-demo-10.3.1-4.1
sun-javadb-common-10.3.1-4.1
java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-27jpp
sun-javadb-core-10.3.1-4.1
sun-javadb-javadoc-10.3.1-4.1
db4-java-4.2.52-7.1
gcc4-java-4.1.1-53.EL4
java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-devel-1.4.2.0-27jpp
sun-javadb-client-10.3.1-4.1
gcc-java-3.4.6-8
sun-javadb-docs-10.3.1-4.1

而 JDK 會被安裝到 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07 底下：其中 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07/jre 便是 Java Runtime Environment 的安裝路徑喔。

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# ls -alrt /usr/java/
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:39 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Sep 4 09:40 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:40 jdk1.6.0_07
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Sep 4 09:40 default -> /usr/java/latest
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:40 .
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# ls -al /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
total 18660
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:40 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 13:26 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:39 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4137 Jun 10 16:54 COPYRIGHT
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:39 demo
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:39 include
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:39 jre
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 4 11:15 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17058 Jun 10 16:54 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:39 man
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28599 Jun 10 16:54 README.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24132 Jun 10 16:54 README_ja.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18329 Jun 10 16:54 README_zh_CN.html
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 5134 Sep 4 09:40 register.html
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 5566 Sep 4 09:40 register_ja.html
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4744 Sep 4 09:40 register_zh_CN.html
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:39 sample
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18719895 Jun 10 16:54 src.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 190102 Jun 10 16:54 THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]#

如果你和我一樣沒有 Sun JDK 的 JPackage Java compatibility package，那麼就到 RepoView: Scientific Linux Fermi Testing 5rolling x86_64 或者到 FileWatcher 去下載 java-1.6.0-sun-compat-1.6.0.07-1jpp.i586.rpm (60.32 KB) 吧。一樣的，下載完後將檔案 ftp 到實作機的 /opt 去，然後安裝：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# ls -al
total 292796
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Sep 4 11:09 .
drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Sep 4 10:43 ..
drwxrwxrwx 8 501 501 4096 Jul 1 14:36 iperf-2.0.4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248493 Jul 1 14:35 iperf-2.0.4.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61764 Sep 4 11:09 java-1.6.0-sun-compat-1.6.0.07-1jpp.i586.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65414959 Jun 10 18:38 jdk-6u7-linux-i586.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 74397909 Sep 4 09:37 jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19463427 Jun 10 18:36 jre-6u7-linux-i586.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19216086 Sep 4 10:31 jre-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 25 22:22 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:40 sun
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 463678 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-client-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62801 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-common-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3655834 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-core-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 996942 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-demo-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4290799 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-docs-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123721 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-javadoc-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# rpm -Uvh java-1.6.0-sun-compat-1.6.0.07-1jpp.i586.rpm
warning: java-1.6.0-sun-compat-1.6.0.07-1jpp.i586.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 82fd17b2
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:java-1.6.0-sun-compat ########################################### [100%]

檢查一下 java-1.6.0-sun-compat-1.6.0.07-1jpp 有出現在 rpm installation list 裡面：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# rpm -qa |grep java
sun-javadb-demo-10.3.1-4.1
sun-javadb-common-10.3.1-4.1
java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-1.4.2.0-27jpp
sun-javadb-core-10.3.1-4.1
sun-javadb-javadoc-10.3.1-4.1
db4-java-4.2.52-7.1
gcc4-java-4.1.1-53.EL4
java-1.4.2-gcj-compat-devel-1.4.2.0-27jpp
sun-javadb-client-10.3.1-4.1
java-1.6.0-sun-compat-1.6.0.07-1jpp
gcc-java-3.4.6-8
sun-javadb-docs-10.3.1-4.1

接下來檢查一下目前系統使用的 JAVA 版本：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# java -version
java version "1.6.0_07"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_07-b06)
Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 10.0-b23, mixed mode)

確認一下目前的系統是設定最後版本為 default JAVA, run 下面的 command: (應該會看到目前系統有兩個可用的 Java 程式, 如下所示)

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# alternatives --config java

There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.

Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
1 /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.4.2-gcj/bin/java
*+ 2 /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0-sun/bin/java

Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number:
[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]#

如果在 number 2 之前有看到 *+, 那就ok，直接按 Enter 就好。不過如果你的運氣不好，是 1 被選到，那麼 type 2 並按 Enter 改為使用最後版本。

JDK 安裝到這裡算是 ok 了，接下來是設定環境變數，可以用 export 命令直接在 shell 下設置，但只針對當前的 shell 有效，因此我們直接去修改 .bashrc 文件吧：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# vi ~/.bashrc
# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias vi='vim'

TERM=xterm-color; export TERM;

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
~

存檔然後離開這個 shell 再進來一次：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# exit
logout

測試一下剛剛的環境變數：

[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# echo $CLASSPATH
.:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07/lib/dt.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07/lib/tools.jar
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07/bin:/root/bin
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]#

接著是 Apache Tomcat 的安裝部分了，首先我們到 Apache Tomcat 的官方網站去，點選左邊 download 的一個版本，這裡選擇的是 tomcat6.x：
進去後選 Binary Distributions 下的 tar.gz (pgp, md5) 來下載 Apache Tomcat v6.0.18。

下載完後將 apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz 上傳到測試機器的 /opt 下：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# cd /opt
[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# ls -al
total 292796
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Sep 4 11:09 .
drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Sep 4 10:43 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6142197 Sep 3 19:04 apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz
drwxrwxrwx 8 501 501 4096 Jul 1 14:36 iperf-2.0.4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248493 Jul 1 14:35 iperf-2.0.4.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61764 Sep 4 11:09 java-1.6.0-sun-compat-1.6.0.07-1jpp.i586.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65414959 Jun 10 18:38 jdk-6u7-linux-i586.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 74397909 Sep 4 09:37 jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19463427 Jun 10 18:36 jre-6u7-linux-i586.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19216086 Sep 4 10:31 jre-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 25 22:22 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:40 sun
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 463678 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-client-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62801 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-common-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3655834 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-core-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 996942 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-demo-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4290799 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-docs-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123721 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-javadoc-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm

接下來安裝的話直接解壓縮就可以了：(目前預計要安裝的路徑為 /opt/ 喔)

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/catalina.sh
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/digest.sh
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/setclasspath.sh
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/shutdown.sh
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/startup.sh
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/tool-wrapper.sh
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/version.sh
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/conf/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/conf/catalina.policy
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/conf/catalina.properties
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/conf/context.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/conf/logging.properties
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/conf/server.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/conf/tomcat-users.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/conf/web.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/bin/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/lib/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/logs/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/temp/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/ROOT/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/WEB-INF/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/api/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/printer/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/printer/docs/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/printer/docs/appdev/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/docs/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/src/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/src/mypackage/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/WEB-INF/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/appdev/sample/web/images/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/architecture/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/architecture/printer/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/architecture/requestProcess/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/architecture/startup/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/config/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/config/printer/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/funcspecs/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/funcspecs/printer/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/images/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/printer/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/docs/tribes/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/cal/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/chat/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/checkbox/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/colors/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/compressionFilters/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/dates/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/error/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/el/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/num/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/sessions/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/validators/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/applet/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp2/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/chat/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/error/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/images/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/include/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/num/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/plugin/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/plugin/applet/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/security/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/
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apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/LogTag.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ShowSource.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/examples/ShowSource.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/ExampleFilter.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/ExampleFilter.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/RequestDumperFilter.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/RequestDumperFilter.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/SetCharacterEncodingFilter.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters/SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/BookBean.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/BookBean.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/FooBean.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/FooBean.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/el/Functions.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/el/Functions.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/EchoAttributesTag.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/EchoAttributesTag.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/ShuffleSimpleTag.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/ShuffleSimpleTag.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/TileSimpleTag.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/jsp2/examples/simpletag/TileSimpleTag.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/ContextListener.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/ContextListener.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/SessionListener.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/listeners/SessionListener.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/num/NumberGuessBean.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/num/NumberGuessBean.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/servletToJsp.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/servletToJsp.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/sessions/DummyCart.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/sessions/DummyCart.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/HTMLFilter.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/util/HTMLFilter.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/validators/DebugValidator.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/validators/DebugValidator.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/applet/Clock2.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp/example-taglib.tld
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/jsp2/jsp2-example-taglib.tld
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/jstl.jar
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/standard.jar
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/displayProducts.tag
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/helloWorld.tag
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/panel.tag
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/tags/xhtmlbasic.tag
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/web.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/index.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/Entries.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/Entry.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/JspCalendar.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/TableBean.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal1.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal1.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal2.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/cal2.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/calendar.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/cal/login.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/chat/chat.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/chat/chat.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/chat/login.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/chat/login.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/chat/post.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/chat/post.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/CheckTest.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/checkresult.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/checkresult.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/checkbox/cresult.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/ColorGameBean.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/clr.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colors.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colrs.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/colors/colrs.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/error/er.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/error/err.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/error/err.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/error/error.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/error/errorpge.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/error/errorpge.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/fwd.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/one.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/one.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/forward/two.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/images/code.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/images/execute.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/images/read.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/images/return.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/include/foo.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/include/inc.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/include/include.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/index.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/Functions.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-arithmetic.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/basic-comparisons.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/functions.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/el/implicit-objects.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/FooBean.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/ShuffleSimpleTag.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/TileSimpleTag.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/jspattribute.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspattribute/shuffle.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/basic.jspx.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/svgexample.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jpg
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jspx
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/jspx/textRotate.jspx.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/EchoAttributesTag.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/coda.jspf.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/config.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/dynamicattrs.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/misc/prelude.jspf.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/BookBean.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/FindBookSimpleTag.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/Functions.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/HelloWorldSimpleTag.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/RepeatSimpleTag.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/book.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/hello.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/simpletag/repeat.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/displayProducts.tag.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/hello.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/helloWorld.tag.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/panel.tag.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/products.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsp2/tagfiles/xhtmlbasic.tag.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/hello.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jts.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/jsptoserv/servletToJsp.java.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/plugin/applet/Clock2.class
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/plugin/applet/Clock2.java
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/index.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/DummyCart.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/carts.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/sessions/crt.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/source.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/source.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/choose.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/foreach.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/howto.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/if.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/tagplugin/notes.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/jsp/xml/xml.jsp.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/cookies.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/helloworld.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/images/code.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/images/execute.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/images/return.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/index.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/reqheaders.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/reqinfo.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/reqparams.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/examples/servlets/sessions.html
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/WEB-INF/web.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/add.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/asf-logo.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/code.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/design.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/docs.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/fix.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/tomcat.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/update.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/images/void.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/host-manager/manager.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/401.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/web.xml
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/add.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/asf-logo.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/code.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/design.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/docs.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/fix.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/tomcat.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/update.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/images/void.gif
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/sessionDetail.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/sessionsList.jsp
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/status.xsd
apache-tomcat-6.0.18/webapps/manager/xform.xsl

所以安裝完後的路徑為 /opt/pache-tomcat-6.0.18，緊接著我們將 Tomcat 的目錄搬到 /opt/tomcat 去：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# mv /opt/apache-tomcat-6.0.18 /opt/tomcat
[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# ls -al
total 292800
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:14 .
drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Sep 4 10:43 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6142197 Sep 3 19:04 apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz
drwxrwxrwx 8 501 501 4096 Jul 1 14:36 iperf-2.0.4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248493 Jul 1 14:35 iperf-2.0.4.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61764 Sep 4 11:09 java-1.6.0-sun-compat-1.6.0.07-1jpp.i586.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65414959 Jun 10 18:38 jdk-6u7-linux-i586.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 74397909 Sep 4 09:37 jdk-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19463427 Jun 10 18:36 jre-6u7-linux-i586.rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19216086 Sep 4 10:31 jre-6u7-linux-i586-rpm.bin
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 25 22:22 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 4 09:40 sun
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 463678 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-client-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62801 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-common-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3655834 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-core-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 996942 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-demo-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4290799 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-docs-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 123721 Aug 20 2007 sun-javadb-javadoc-10.3.1-4.1.i386.rpm
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Sep 4 11:24 tomcat

好了，安裝很簡單吧，接著要更改一下 Tomcat 的環境設定，主要是將下列兩行加進去：export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
export TOMCAT_HOME=/opt/tomcat

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# vi /etc/profile
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

pathmunge () {
if ! echo $PATH | /bin/egrep -q "(^|:)$1($|:)" ; then
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
fi
}

# Path manipulation
if [ `id -u` = 0 ]; then
pathmunge /sbin
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
fi

pathmunge /usr/X11R6/bin after

# No core files by default
ulimit -S -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1

USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
HISTSIZE=1000

if [ -z "$INPUTRC" -a ! -f "$HOME/.inputrc" ]; then
INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
. $i
fi
done

unset i
unset pathmunge

########## for TOMCAT env. setup ######################
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
export TOMCAT_HOME=/opt/tomcat
export CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
export CLASSPATH=./:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/ext:${CATALINA_HOME}/common/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${CATALINA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
"/etc/profile" 53L, 983C written

直接讓目前的設定值生效：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# source /etc/profile

設定環境變數，一樣的直接去修改 .bashrc 文件吧：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# vi ~/.bashrc
# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
alias vi='vim'

TERM=xterm-color; export TERM;

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
export CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export TOMCAT_HOME=/opt/tomcat
"~/.bashrc" 22L, 459C

存檔然後離開這個 shell 再進來一次：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# exit
logout

設定到這裡已經差不多囉，接著我們就來測試一下吧：
首先來啟動 Tomcat 服務試試看：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# /opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# ps -aef|grep tomcat
root 14377 1 23 16:49 pts/4 00:00:02 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/opt/tomcat/endorsed -classpath :/opt/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 14403 14302 0 16:49 pts/4 00:00:00 grep tomcat
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]#

最後在瀏覽器中輸入 http://localhost:8080/ 便可看到 Tomcat 的 log 了，到此安裝告一段落。

另外再測試一下關掉 Tomcat 吧：

[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]# /opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /opt/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_07
[root@KHXPROVS1 opt]#

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