洋蔥爸的工作雜記: 4月 2009

ZURICH Z-1000 GPS NTP server 終於來了...

10:56:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

等了好一陣子的 GPS NTP server 終於到料了，在裝配及拉好線之後，當然要連進去看看，首先第一次的連線就是直接用電腦接上去，打開瀏覽器，在網址列敲入 http://192.168.0.100 就可以連上 Z-1000 內建的 Web server 了...

首先這就是 Z-1000 的登入畫面:

敲入帳號密碼之後即可登入 Z-1000 進入 Status 的畫面：(右下角看的到同步的衛星數量)

下面這是 Config 的部分：

接著是 Admin 的畫面：

最後是 Log 的畫面囉：

就先這樣吧～

噗浪這篇文章

(詳全文...)

要如何在 Linux 和 Solaris 上 capture the network packets？

10:00:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

之前寫到過在 linux 機器上面跑 Ethereal 來抓封包，不過這 Ethereal 都已經進版到 Wireshark 了，所以乾脆再把這方便的指令記錄一下當作備檔，順便也列一下幾個好用的抓封包的指令來做為參考：

首先是 Wireshark，在這裡因為機器多半跑在 run level 3 ，所以我還是用指令來秀就好，先看一下 tshark 有什麼用法：

Usage: tshark [options] ...

Capture interface:
-i (interface) name or idx of interface (def: first non-loopback)
-f (capture) packet filter in libpcap filter syntax
-s (snaplen) packet snapshot length (def: 65535)
-p don't capture in promiscuous mode
-y (link) link layer type (def: first appropriate)
-D print list of interfaces and exit
-L print list of link-layer types of iface and exit

Capture stop conditions:
-c (packet) stop after n packets (def: infinite)
-a (autostop) ... duration:NUM - stop after NUM seconds
filesize:NUM - stop this file after NUM KB
files:NUM - stop after NUM files
Capture output:
-b (ringbuffer) ... duration:NUM - switch to next file after NUM secs
filesize:NUM - switch to next file after NUM KB
files:NUM - ringbuffer: replace after NUM files
Input file:
-r (infile) set the filename to read from (no pipes or stdin!)

Processing:
-R (read) packet filter in Wireshark display filter syntax
-n disable all name resolutions (def: all enabled)
-N (name) enable specific name resolution(s): "mntC"
-d (layer_type)==(selector),(decode_as_protocol) ...
"Decode As", see the man page for details
Example: tcp.port==8888,http
Output:
-w (outfile|-) set the output filename (or '-' for stdout)
-F (output) set the output file type, default is libpcap
an empty "-F" option will list the file types
-V add output of packet tree (Packet Details)
-S display packets even when writing to a file
-x add output of hex and ASCII dump (Packet Bytes)
-T pdml|ps|psml|text|fields
format of text output (def: text)
-e (field) field to print if -Tfields selected (e.g. tcp.port);
this option can be repeated to print multiple fields
-E(fieldsoption)=(value) set options for output when -Tfields selected:
header=y|n switch headers on and off
separator=/t|/s|(char) select tab, space, printable character as separator
quote=d|s|n select double, single, no quotes for values
-t ad|a|r|d|dd|e output format of time stamps (def: r: rel. to first)
-l flush standard output after each packet
-q be more quiet on stdout (e.g. when using statistics)
-X (key):(value) eXtension options, see the man page for details
-z (statistics) various statistics, see the man page for details

Miscellaneous:
-h display this help and exit
-v display version info and exit
-o (name):(value) ... override preference setting

這裡秀了不少相關的參數，不過一般我們用不了這麼多，我就用最簡單的例子來示範一下就好：

下面這個範例示範最常用到就是抓 eth0 的封包並寫到 /tmp/test.cap 去：

[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# tshark -i eth0 -w /tmp/test.cap
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on eth0
145
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]#

如果要讀出這個 .cap 檔，可以用 -r 的參數，或者直接把檔案抓下來在自己的電腦上用 Wireshark 去開啟，不過有時就是急著要在機器上直接檢視所抓取的封包的結果，那就用 -S 吧，讓存檔的時候還順便把結果秀在螢幕上來檢視：

[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# tshark -i eth0 -w /tmp/test.log -S
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on eth0
0.000000 IntelCor_11:57:ec -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.013780 IntelCor_0c:9c:e3 -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.019267 IntelCor_0c:5e:84 -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.026100 IntelCor_0c:a2:40 -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.106711 IntelCor_11:57:ec -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.125997 IntelCor_0c:5e:84 -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.149380 10.255.131.253 -> 10.15.25.13 NTP NTP client
0.149424 10.15.25.13 -> 10.255.131.253 NTP NTP server
0.213424 IntelCor_11:57:ec -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.232625 IntelCor_0c:5e:84 -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.321434 IntelCor_11:57:ec -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.340753 IntelCor_0c:5e:84 -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.428148 IntelCor_11:57:ec -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
0.447482 IntelCor_0c:5e:84 -> UscInfor_00:00:00 LLC U, func=UI; SNAP, OUI 0x020000 (Unknown), PID 0x0001
14 packets captured
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]#

不過這樣的封包訊息很難對時間對吧？那我們變換一下隊形，加上時間戳記在每個封包前面好了，這樣也比較方便檢視：

[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# tshark -i eth1 -ta -w /tmp/test.log -S
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on eth1
22:52:38.637125 SunMicro_9b:ab:99 -> Broadcast ARP Who has 172.24.132.9? Tell 172.24.132.5
22:52:38.637154 SunMicro_9b:ab:99 -> Broadcast ARP Who has 172.24.132.7? Tell 172.24.132.5
22:52:38.642615 SunMicro_d0:3e:07 -> Broadcast ARP Who has 172.24.4.8? Tell 172.24.4.9
22:52:38.645906 SunMicro_1a:4e:3b -> Broadcast ARP Who has 172.24.4.87? Tell 172.24.4.84
22:52:38.646316 SunMicro_1a:b6:37 -> Broadcast ARP Who has 172.24.4.87? Tell 172.24.4.86
22:52:38.650723 172.24.128.202 -> 172.24.4.44 UDP Source port: 3020 Destination port: 34734
22:52:38.657893 172.24.4.7 -> 172.24.4.44 TCP 706 > login [ACK] Seq=0 Ack=0 Win=24820 Len=0
22:52:38.657904 172.24.4.44 -> 172.24.4.7 Rlogin Data: Capturing on eth0\r\n22:52:38.637125 SunMicro_9b:ab:99 -> Broadcast ARP Who has 172.24.132.9? Tell 172.24.132.5\r\n22:52:38.6371
22:52:38.672427 172.24.128.202 -> 172.24.4.44 UDP Source port: 3020 Destination port: 34732

再列出另一種我比較喜歡的時間格式：

[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# tshark -i eth1 -tad -w /tmp/test.log -S
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on eth1
2009-04-26 22:57:47.071895 172.24.128.202 -> 172.24.4.44 UDP Source port: 3020 Destination port: 34732
2009-04-26 22:57:47.073645 172.24.128.202 -> 172.24.4.44 UDP Source port: 3020 Destination port: 34734
2009-04-26 22:57:47.089852 172.24.4.7 -> 172.24.4.44 TCP 706 > login [ACK] Seq=0 Ack=0 Win=24820 Len=0
2009-04-26 22:57:47.089863 172.24.4.44 -> 172.24.4.7 Rlogin Data: Capturing on eth0\r\n2009-04-26 22:57:47.071895 172.24.128.202 -> 172.24.4.44 UDP Source port: 3020 Destination port: 34732\r\n200
2009-04-26 22:57:47.098563 SunMicro_9b:ad:c9 -> Broadcast ARP Who has 172.24.132.9? Tell 172.24.132.2
2009-04-26 22:57:47.098599 SunMicro_9b:ad:c9 -> Broadcast ARP Who has 172.24.132.7? Tell 172.24.132.2
2009-04-26 22:57:47.116810 172.24.128.202 -> 172.24.4.44 UDP Source port: 3020 Destination port: 34732
2009-04-26 22:57:47.137607 172.24.4.14 -> 172.24.4.44 UDP Source port: 3020 Destination port: 34730
2009-04-26 22:57:47.138241 172.24.4.28 -> 172.24.4.44 UDP Source port: 3030 Destination port: 34726

不過這樣的封包訊息又太精簡了，看不習慣對吧，那我們再變換一下隊形，這樣應該會更方便檢視：(加上 -V 把封包的 detail 訊息秀出來，加上 -x 後把 output 用 hex 和 ASCII 給 dump 出來，現在是不是清楚多了？)

[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# tshark -i eth0 -Vta -x
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on eth0
Frame 1 (104 bytes on wire, 104 bytes captured)
Arrival Time: Apr 26, 2009 18:56:34.406686000
[Time delta from previous captured frame: 0.000000000 seconds]
[Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.000000000 seconds]
[Time since reference or first frame: 0.000000000 seconds]
Frame Number: 1
Frame Length: 104 bytes
Capture Length: 104 bytes
[Frame is marked: False]
[Protocols in frame: eth:llc:data]
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Destination: UscInfor_00:00:00 (01:00:5e:00:00:00)
Address: UscInfor_00:00:00 (01:00:5e:00:00:00)
.... ...1 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Group address (multicast/broadcast)
.... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)
Source: IntelCor_11:57:ec (00:1c:c0:11:57:ec)
Address: IntelCor_11:57:ec (00:1c:c0:11:57:ec)
.... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)
.... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)
Length: 90
Logical-Link Control
DSAP: SNAP (0xaa)
IG Bit: Individual
SSAP: SNAP (0xaa)
CR Bit: Command
Control field: U, func=UI (0x03)
000. 00.. = Command: Unnumbered Information (0x00)
.... ..11 = Frame type: Unnumbered frame (0x03)
Organization Code: Unknown (0x020000)
Protocol ID: 0x0001
Data (82 bytes)
Data: 01011201020000635FFE001CC01157EC01800319112A0000...

0000 01 00 5e 00 00 00 00 1c c0 11 57 ec 00 5a aa aa ..^.......W..Z..
0010 03 02 00 00 00 01 01 01 12 01 02 00 00 63 5f fe .............c_.
0020 00 1c c0 11 57 ec 01 80 03 19 11 2a 00 00 00 00 ....W......*....
0030 00 00 00 00 00 05 0f 49 6e 74 65 72 4e 45 54 2d .......InterNET-
0040 50 72 69 2d 42 6b 00 00 00 1c c0 0c a2 40 00 00 Pri-Bk.......@..
0050 00 00 00 00 00 0c 11 86 f9 ba 00 07 29 5e 4f 88 ............)^O.
0060 4c c8 04 85 e2 ff c3 f9 L.......

Frame 2 (104 bytes on wire, 104 bytes captured)
Arrival Time: Apr 26, 2009 18:56:34.427783000
[Time delta from previous captured frame: 0.021097000 seconds]
[Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.021097000 seconds]
[Time since reference or first frame: 0.021097000 seconds]
Frame Number: 2
Frame Length: 104 bytes
Capture Length: 104 bytes
[Frame is marked: False]
[Protocols in frame: eth:llc:data]
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Destination: UscInfor_00:00:00 (01:00:5e:00:00:00)
Address: UscInfor_00:00:00 (01:00:5e:00:00:00)
.... ...1 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Group address (multicast/broadcast)
.... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)
Source: IntelCor_0c:5e:84 (00:1c:c0:0c:5e:84)
Address: IntelCor_0c:5e:84 (00:1c:c0:0c:5e:84)
.... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)
.... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)
Length: 90
Logical-Link Control
DSAP: SNAP (0xaa)
IG Bit: Individual
SSAP: SNAP (0xaa)
CR Bit: Command
Control field: U, func=UI (0x03)
000. 00.. = Command: Unnumbered Information (0x00)
.... ..11 = Frame type: Unnumbered frame (0x03)
Organization Code: Unknown (0x020000)
Protocol ID: 0x0001
Data (82 bytes)
Data: 01011001020000DC8C04001CC00C5E84017F0318112A0000...

0000 01 00 5e 00 00 00 00 1c c0 0c 5e 84 00 5a aa aa ..^.......^..Z..
0010 03 02 00 00 00 01 01 01 10 01 02 00 00 dc 8c 04 ................
0020 00 1c c0 0c 5e 84 01 7f 03 18 11 2a 00 00 00 01 ....^......*....
0030 00 01 00 00 00 07 0d 41 53 4e 2d 53 65 63 2d 42 .......ASN-Sec-B
0040 72 69 63 6b 00 00 00 00 00 1c c0 0c 9c e3 00 00 rick............
0050 00 00 00 00 00 0c 11 86 f9 bb 00 05 e3 0c 4e a3 ..............N.
0060 fd 42 49 17 bb 9e bd 64 .BI....d

Frame 3 (90 bytes on wire, 90 bytes captured)
Arrival Time: Apr 26, 2009 18:56:34.444956000
[Time delta from previous captured frame: 0.017173000 seconds]
[Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.017173000 seconds]
[Time since reference or first frame: 0.038270000 seconds]
Frame Number: 3
Frame Length: 90 bytes
Capture Length: 90 bytes
[Frame is marked: False]
[Protocols in frame: eth:ip:udp:ntp]
Ethernet II, Src: 02:00:00:dc:8c:04 (02:00:00:dc:8c:04), Dst: 00:22:19:50:bc:7e (00:22:19:50:bc:7e)
Destination: 00:22:19:50:bc:7e (00:22:19:50:bc:7e)
Address: 00:22:19:50:bc:7e (00:22:19:50:bc:7e)
.... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)
.... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)
Source: 02:00:00:dc:8c:04 (02:00:00:dc:8c:04)
Address: 02:00:00:dc:8c:04 (02:00:00:dc:8c:04)
.... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)
.... ..1. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Locally administered address (this is NOT the factory default)
Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src: 10.255.131.253 (10.255.131.253), Dst: 10.15.25.13 (10.15.25.13)
Version: 4
Header length: 20 bytes
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
.... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
.... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
Total Length: 76
Identification: 0x284a (10314)
Flags: 0x00
0... = Reserved bit: Not set
.0.. = Don't fragment: Not set
..0. = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 27
Protocol: UDP (0x11)
Header checksum: 0xc53f [correct]
[Good: True]
[Bad : False]
Source: 10.255.131.253 (10.255.131.253)
Destination: 10.15.25.13 (10.15.25.13)
User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: ntp (123), Dst Port: ntp (123)
Source port: ntp (123)
Destination port: ntp (123)
Length: 56
Checksum: 0x4170 [correct]
[Good Checksum: True]
[Bad Checksum: False]
Network Time Protocol
Flags: 0x0b
00.. .... = Leap Indicator: no warning (0)
..00 1... = Version number: reserved (1)
.... .011 = Mode: client (3)
Peer Clock Stratum: unspecified or unavailable (0)
Peer Polling Interval: invalid (0)
Peer Clock Precision: 1.000000 sec
Root Delay: 0.0000 sec
Root Dispersion: 0.0000 sec
Reference Clock ID: NULL
Reference Clock Update Time: NULL
Originate Time Stamp: NULL
Receive Time Stamp: NULL
Transmit Time Stamp: NULL

0000 00 22 19 50 bc 7e 02 00 00 dc 8c 04 08 00 45 00 .".P.~........E.
0010 00 4c 28 4a 00 00 1b 11 c5 3f 0a ff 83 fd 0a 0f .L(J.....?......
0020 19 0d 00 7b 00 7b 00 38 41 70 0b 00 00 00 00 00 ...{.{.8Ap......
0030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0040 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
0050 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ..........

對了，補充一下，當在抓封包時在 /var/log/messages 裡面常會出現一堆如下所列的訊息：

kernel: device eth0 entered promiscuous mode
kernel: device eth0 left promiscuous mode

這代表你的網卡處於"混雜模式時"，在同一個 broadcast segment 下的封包，都會被監聽，如果你的 LAN 是用 HUB 來接，那整個 LAN 的封包都會被監聽，若你的 LAN 是用 switch 接，一般來說就只能看到自己和 broadcast 的封包。

假如你不想在 /var/log/messages 裡面再看到這些訊息的話，可以再加上一個 -p 的參數，就好了...

當然如果還要加上一些 filter 的話就只需依想要過濾的條件去設定就行了，舉例來說，我想過濾只抓關於 RTSP 的封包就好：

[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# tshark -i eth1 -Vtad -x -p port rtsp
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on eth1
Frame 1 (74 bytes on wire, 74 bytes captured)
Arrival Time: Apr 26, 2009 23:39:12.773857000
Time delta from previous packet: 0.000000000 seconds
Time since reference or first frame: 0.000000000 seconds
Frame Number: 1
Packet Length: 74 bytes
Capture Length: 74 bytes
Protocols in frame: eth:ip:tcp
Ethernet II, Src: 00:15:60:a3:f4:67, Dst: 00:15:60:a3:f8:e5
Destination: 00:15:60:a3:f8:e5 (00:15:60:a3:f8:e5)
Source: 00:15:60:a3:f4:67 (00:15:60:a3:f4:67)
Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src Addr: 172.24.4.44 (172.24.4.44), Dst Addr: 172.24.4.14 (172.24.4.14)
Version: 4
Header length: 20 bytes
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
.... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
.... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
Total Length: 60
Identification: 0x03e6 (998)
Flags: 0x04 (Don't Fragment)
0... = Reserved bit: Not set
.1.. = Don't fragment: Set
..0. = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 64
Protocol: TCP (0x06)
Header checksum: 0xd66b (correct)
Source: 172.24.4.44 (172.24.4.44)
Destination: 172.24.4.14 (172.24.4.14)
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 57606 (57606), Dst Port: rtsp (554), Seq: 0, Ack: 0, Len: 0
Source port: 57606 (57606)
Destination port: rtsp (554)
Sequence number: 0 (relative sequence number)
Header length: 40 bytes
Flags: 0x0002 (SYN)
0... .... = Congestion Window Reduced (CWR): Not set
.0.. .... = ECN-Echo: Not set
..0. .... = Urgent: Not set
...0 .... = Acknowledgment: Not set
.... 0... = Push: Not set
.... .0.. = Reset: Not set
.... ..1. = Syn: Set
.... ...0 = Fin: Not set
Window size: 5792
Checksum: 0x57d2 (correct)
Options: (20 bytes)
Maximum segment size: 1460 bytes
SACK permitted
Time stamp: tsval 2080473562, tsecr 2080479415
NOP
Window scale: 0 (multiply by 1)

0000 00 15 60 a3 f8 e5 00 15 60 a3 f4 67 08 00 45 00 ..`.....`..g..E.
0010 00 3c 03 e6 40 00 40 06 d6 6b ac 18 04 2c ac 18 .(..@.@..k...,..
0020 04 0e e1 06 02 2a 01 28 82 3c 00 00 00 00 a0 02 .....*.(.(......
0030 16 a0 57 d2 00 00 02 04 05 b4 04 02 08 0a 7c 01 ..W...........|.
0040 81 da 7c 01 98 b7 01 03 03 00 ..|.......

綜合以上所說的，其實我一般最常用的便是類似下面組合起來的 command 囉：

[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]# tshark -i eth0 -Vtad -x icmp -p -w /tmp/test.log -S
Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
Capturing on eth0
Frame 1 (98 bytes on wire, 98 bytes captured)
Arrival Time: Apr 27, 2009 10:53:50.326876000
[Time delta from previous captured frame: 0.000000000 seconds]
[Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.000000000 seconds]
[Time since reference or first frame: 0.000000000 seconds]
Frame Number: 1
Frame Length: 98 bytes
Capture Length: 98 bytes
[Frame is marked: False]
[Protocols in frame: eth:ip:icmp:data]
Ethernet II, Src: 00:22:19:50:bc:7e (00:22:19:50:bc:7e), Dst: All-HSRP-routers_04 (00:00:0c:07:ac:04)
Destination: All-HSRP-routers_04 (00:00:0c:07:ac:04)
Address: All-HSRP-routers_04 (00:00:0c:07:ac:04)
.... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)
.... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)
Source: 00:22:19:50:bc:7e (00:22:19:50:bc:7e)
Address: 00:22:19:50:bc:7e (00:22:19:50:bc:7e)
.... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)
.... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default)
Type: IP (0x0800)
Internet Protocol, Src: 10.15.25.13 (10.15.25.13), Dst: 192.168.161.5 (192.168.161.5)
Version: 4
Header length: 20 bytes
Differentiated Services Field: 0x00 (DSCP 0x00: Default; ECN: 0x00)
0000 00.. = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0x00)
.... ..0. = ECN-Capable Transport (ECT): 0
.... ...0 = ECN-CE: 0
Total Length: 84
Identification: 0x0000 (0)
Flags: 0x04 (Don't Fragment)
0... = Reserved bit: Not set
.1.. = Don't fragment: Set
..0. = More fragments: Not set
Fragment offset: 0
Time to live: 64
Protocol: ICMP (0x01)
Header checksum: 0xb5df [correct]
[Good: True]
[Bad : False]
Source: 10.15.25.13 (10.15.25.13)
Destination: 192.168.161.5 (192.168.161.5)
Internet Control Message Protocol
Type: 8 (Echo (ping) request)
Code: 0 ()
Checksum: 0x866f [correct]
Identifier: 0x7a27
Sequence number: 1 (0x0001)
Data (56 bytes)
Data: 3E1EF549D4FC040008090A0B0C0D0E0F1011121314151617...

0000 00 00 0c 07 ac 04 00 22 19 50 bc 7e 08 00 45 00 .......".P.~..E.
0010 00 54 00 00 40 00 40 01 b5 df 0a 0f 19 0d c0 a8 .T..@.@.........
0020 a1 05 08 00 86 6f 7a 27 00 01 3e 1e f5 49 d4 fc .....oz'..)..I..
0030 04 00 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 10 11 12 13 14 15 ................
0040 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f 20 21 22 23 24 25 .......... !"#$%
0050 26 27 28 29 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 30 31 32 33 34 35 &'()*+,-./012345
0060 36 37 67

1 packets captured
[root@KHCDNSS01 ~]#

既然說到在 Linux 上使用 Wireshark, 那在 Solaris 上面呢？簡單來說你可以使用 snoop 跟 tcpdump，不過個人是偏好 snoop 啦，下面先簡單列一下可用的選項：

Usage: snoop
[ -a ] # Listen to packets on audio
[ -d device ] # Listen on interface named device
[ -s snaplen ] # Truncate packets
[ -c count ] # Quit after count packets
[ -P ] # Turn OFF promiscuous mode
[ -D ] # Report dropped packets
[ -S ] # Report packet size
[ -i file ] # Read previously captured packets
[ -o file ] # Capture packets in file
[ -n file ] # Load addr-to-name table from file
[ -N ] # Create addr-to-name table
[ -t r|a|d ] # Time: Relative, Absolute or Delta
[ -v ] # Verbose packet display
[ -V ] # Show all summary lines
[ -p first[,last] ] # Select packet(s) to display
[ -x offset[,length] ] # Hex dump from offset for length
[ -C ] # Print packet filter code
[ -q ] # Suppress printing packet count
[ -r ] # Do not resolve address to name

[ filter expression ]

其實簡單說起來，用法跟 Wireshark 大同小異啦，比方說，下面是我常用的一個指令，用來檢查 NTP client 有沒有過來做 NTP 的同步，當然也可以把 filter 的部分改成其他的用法，比方說用 "bootp" 來取代掉 "port ntp" 的部分，就可以檢查 DHCP Client 有沒有來 request IP...其他的選項部分跟 Wireshark 其實差異不大，-d 是用來指定抓封包的 interface，-P 一樣可以避免網卡處於"混雜模式"，-r 是不要解析 IP address，-v 是秀出詳細的 packet，而 -ta 則是秀出時間戳記.....

47ksh# snoop -vVta -r -d bge0 -P -x5 port ntp
Using device /dev/bge0 (non promiscuous)
ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----
ETHER:
ETHER: Packet 11 arrived at 18:21:4.42140
ETHER: Packet size = 90 bytes
ETHER: Destination = 0:14:4f:a9:83:50,
ETHER: Source = 0:1a:f0:bc:b6:6d,
ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)
ETHER:
IP: ----- IP Header -----
IP:
IP: Version = 4
IP: Header length = 20 bytes
IP: Type of service = 0xc0
IP: xxx. .... = 6 (precedence)
IP: ...0 .... = normal delay
IP: .... 0... = normal throughput
IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability
IP: .... ..0. = not ECN capable transport
IP: .... ...0 = no ECN congestion experienced
IP: Total length = 76 bytes
IP: Identification = 0
IP: Flags = 0x0
IP: .0.. .... = may fragment
IP: ..0. .... = last fragment
IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes
IP: Time to live = 254 seconds/hops
IP: Protocol = 17 (UDP)
IP: Header checksum = 757e
IP: Source address = 10.16.25.34, 10.16.25.34
IP: Destination address = 10.17.25.32, 10.17.25.32
IP: No options
IP:
UDP: ----- UDP Header -----
UDP:
UDP: Source port = 123
UDP: Destination port = 123 (NTP)
UDP: Length = 56
UDP: Checksum = F8E2
UDP:
NTP: ----- Network Time Protocol -----
NTP:
NTP: Leap = 0x0 (OK)
NTP: Version = 3
NTP: Mode = 3 (client)
NTP: Stratum = 3 (secondary reference)
NTP: Poll = 6
NTP: Precision = 238 seconds
NTP: Synchronizing distance = 0x0000.0064 (0.001526)
NTP: Synchronizing dispersion = 0x0000.040d (0.015823)
NTP: Reference clock = 10.17.25.32 (10.17.25.32)
NTP: Reference time = 0xcda00550.6bbe484f (2009-04-27 18:20:00.42087)
NTP: Originate time = 0xcda00550.6b9f8000 (2009-04-27 18:20:00.42040)
NTP: Receive time = 0xcda00550.6bbe484f (2009-04-27 18:20:00.42087)
NTP: Transmit time = 0xcda00590.6bc46a2c (2009-04-27 18:21:04.42097)

0: 8350 001a f0bc b66d 0800 45c0 004c 0000 .P.....m..E..L..
16: 0000 fe11 757e 0a10 1922 0a11 1920 007b ....u~..."... .{
32: 007b 0038 f8e2 1b03 06ee 0000 0064 0000 .{.8.........d..
48: 040d 0a11 1920 cda0 0550 6bbe 484f cda0 ..... .?.Pk.HO.?
64: 0550 6b9f 8000 cda0 0550 6bbe 484f cda0 .Pk?...?.Pk.HO.?
80: 0590 6bc4 6a2c ..k.j,

^C
root@KHXDNSS1:/etc/domain

好囉，就先寫到這兒吧～

---------- 補充於 2009/04/30 -------------
追加補充個我常用的 filer，因為常需要分析 AAA server 間的 Radius protocol，所以常會這麼下指令：(這些是在 Linux OS 上的指令)

[root@TEST01 ~]# tshark -Vtad -p -i bond1 -x -z "radius,rtd,ip.addr==xx.xx.xx.xx" -w /tmp/AAA-radius.cap -S

或者是：

[root@TEST01 ~]# tshark -Vtad -p -i bond1 -x -z radius,rtd. -w /tmp/AAA-radius.cap -S

又或者是乾脆就這麼用：

[root@TEST01 ~]# tshark -Vtad -p -i bond1 -x port radius -w /tmp/AAA-radius.cap -S

對了，加上這個 -z 的參數，在抓完封包時，會多出如下的處理訊息：

RADIUS Response Time Delay (RTD) Statistics:
Filter for statistics:
Duplicate requests: 3
Duplicate responses: 0
Open requests: 3
Discarded responses: 0
Type | Messages | Min RTD | Max RTD | Avg RTD | Min in Frame | Max in Frame |
Overall | 1 | 1.53 msec | 1.53 msec | 1.53 msec | 11 | 11 |
Access | 1 | 1.53 msec | 1.53 msec | 1.53 msec | 11 | 11 |

OK，補充完畢...

噗浪這篇文章

(詳全文...)

CISCO VPN Client 安裝完後 Wi-Fi, LAN 全都不能用了？

10:28:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

為了撥接到客戶那邊去處理點問題，趕緊翻出之前的舊版 CISCO-vpnclient-win-msi-4.7.00.0533-k9 出來裝，裝好之後，重開機，啊ㄌㄟ，救人喔....怎麼無線網路就起不來了，再也掃不到任何無線 AP 了，剛剛還在用的啊，天哪，就連有線的區域網路也掛了，完全沒有任何 IP，就算用 ipconfig /renew 也直接回報網路裝置有問題，居然還無法移除...幸好我有安裝新程式之前設定還原點的習慣，趕緊還原到剛剛還沒裝之前的狀態，但，怎麼都不死心，於是上網去抓了新一點的版本 CISCO vpn-client 5.0.03.0560 試試，沒想到，結果一樣，二話不說，還原再試一次，再去找更新的版本，花了一個多小時試到 CISCO-vpnclient-win-msi-5.0.05.0280-k9 的版本還是不行，再次上網去查詢了一下，才發現原來是 DNE 造成的問題啊，只要先 fix 完 DNE 的問題再安裝 CISCO VPN Client 就沒問題了，趕緊到 Citrix DNE Support 的頁面去，下面是他網頁說明的步驟：

1. 下載並安裝 ftp://files.citrix.com/winfix.exe

2. 接著，下載並安裝最新版的 DNE 更新：
ftp://files.citrix.com/dneupdate.msi for 32-bit
ftp://files.citrix.com/dneupdate64.msi for 64-bit

3. 重新安裝用到 DNE 的程式(例如：VPN Client...)

照著做完之後，果然這次安裝 CISCO-vpnclient-win-msi-5.0.05.0280-k9 後網路就沒問題了～

噗浪這篇文章

(詳全文...)

Solaris 10 上安裝 isc-dhcp 並設為 SMF 管理的 service 實作

11:45:00 下午 By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang

今天臨時要裝一台 SUN 的機器，用來當新的 DHCP server，手邊只有公司精簡版的 Solaris 10 的安裝光碟，裝完後才發現，歐賣尬的，挖勒，怎麼沒看到 isc-dhcp 啊？啊是躲到哪去了？用 svcs -a 去看居然只有 default 的那支 dhcp-server：

8ksh# svcs -a|grep dhcp
disabled 16:39:47 svc:/network/dhcp-server:default

問題來了，由於這一台機器是要把另一台正在 in service 機器上的 DHCP service 給取代掉的，而且之前的 DHCP 是用 isc-dhcp v3.0.4，我看了一下那個 default dhcp-server 的設定，跟 isc-dhcp 的差異實在頗大，沒時間重新設定成 dhcp-server 用的，目前也沒時間線上驗證，怕會影響目前客戶的 serice，所以只得趕快去找 isc-dhcp for Solaris10 的 package。

先到 ISC 的下載網頁去看一下，目前最新的版本是 DHCP v4.1.0，抓下來試試看，結果要 ./configure 時居然發現這個精簡版的 OS超級精簡的，連 gcc 都沒有...

17ksh# ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... ./install-sh -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... no
checking for nawk... nawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for C compiler default output file name...
configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details.

root@KHXDNSS1:/opt/SW_Package/dhcp-4.1.0

再一查看才發現缺的東西真是多啊，算了，時間不多，換一個好了，直接抓安裝版的好了....到 SunFreeware 去找了一下，嗯，看到了 dhcp-4.0.0-sol10-sparc-local.gz，當下二話不說，先抓回來看看～

解壓再 pkgadd 裝來看看：

25ksh# pkgadd -d dhcp-4.0.0-sol10-sparc-local

The following packages are available:
1 SMCdhcp dhcp
(sparc) 4.0.0

Select package(s) you wish to process (or 'all' to process
all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]: all

Processing package instance from

dhcp(sparc) 4.0.0
ISC
Using as the package base directory.
## Processing package information.
## Processing system information.
4 package pathnames are already properly installed.
## Verifying disk space requirements.
## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

Installing dhcp as

## Installing part 1 of 1.
/usr/local/bin/omshell
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/LICENSE
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/README
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/RELNOTES
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/3.0b1-lease-convert
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/dhclient-tz-exithook.sh
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/dhcp.spec
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/Registry.pm
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/ms2isc.pl
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/readme.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/sethostname.sh
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/solaris.init
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/IANA-arp-parameters
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/Makefile
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/References.html
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/References.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/References.xml
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/api+protocol
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient-script.8
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.8
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.conf.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.leases.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhcp-eval.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhcp-options.5
/usr/local/etc/dhclient.conf
/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
/usr/local/include/dhcpctl/dhcpctl.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/boolean.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/commandline.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/dst.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/formatcheck.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/int.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/lang.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/list.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/mem.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/print.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/result.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/string.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/types.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/alloc.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/buffer.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/convert.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/hash.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/omapip.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/omapip_p.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/trace.h
/usr/local/lib/libdhcpctl.a
/usr/local/lib/libdst.a
/usr/local/lib/libomapi.a
/usr/local/sbin/dhclient
/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd
/usr/local/sbin/dhcrelay
/usr/local/share/man/man1/omshell.1
/usr/local/share/man/man3/dhcpctl.3
/usr/local/share/man/man3/omapi.3
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhclient.conf.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhclient.leases.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhcp-eval.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhcp-options.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhcpd.conf.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhcpd.leases.5
/usr/local/share/man/man8/dhclient-script.8
/usr/local/share/man/man8/dhclient.8
/usr/local/share/man/man8/dhcpd.8
/usr/local/share/man/man8/dhcrelay.8
[ verifying class ]

Installation of was successful.

root@KHXDNSS1:/opt/SW_Package

27ksh# pkginfo SMCdhcp
application SMCdhcp dhcp

root@KHXDNSS1:/opt/SW_Package

裝完直接跑跑看吧：

6ksh# /usr/local/sbin/dhcpd
ld.so.1: dhcpd: fatal: libcrypto.so.0.9.8: open failed: No such file or directory
Killed

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

不是吧？這個 OS 也實在是太過精簡了吧，要什麼沒什麼～算了，二話不說，直接移掉：

7ksh# pkgrm SMCdhcp

The following package is currently installed:
SMCdhcp dhcp
(sparc) 4.0.0

Do you want to remove this package? [y,n,?,q] y

## Removing installed package instance
## Verifying package dependencies in global zone
## Processing package information.
## Removing pathnames in class
/usr/local/share/man/man8/dhcrelay.8
/usr/local/share/man/man8/dhcpd.8
/usr/local/share/man/man8/dhclient.8
/usr/local/share/man/man8/dhclient-script.8
/usr/local/share/man/man8
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhcpd.leases.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhcpd.conf.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhcp-options.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhcp-eval.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhclient.leases.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5/dhclient.conf.5
/usr/local/share/man/man5
/usr/local/share/man/man3/omapi.3
/usr/local/share/man/man3/dhcpctl.3
/usr/local/share/man/man3
/usr/local/share/man/man1/omshell.1
/usr/local/share/man/man1
/usr/local/share/man
/usr/local/share
/usr/local/sbin/dhcrelay
/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd
/usr/local/sbin/dhclient
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/lib/libomapi.a
/usr/local/lib/libdst.a
/usr/local/lib/libdhcpctl.a
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/include/omapip/trace.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/omapip_p.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/omapip.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/hash.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/convert.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/buffer.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/alloc.h
/usr/local/include/omapip
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/types.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/string.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/result.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/print.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/mem.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/list.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/lang.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/int.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/formatcheck.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/dst.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/commandline.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/boolean.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp
/usr/local/include/dhcpctl/dhcpctl.h
/usr/local/include/dhcpctl
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
/usr/local/etc/dhclient.conf
/usr/local/etc
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhcp-options.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhcp-eval.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.leases.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.conf.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.8
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient-script.8
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/api+protocol
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/References.xml
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/References.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/References.html
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/Makefile
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/IANA-arp-parameters
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/solaris.init
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/sethostname.sh
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/readme.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/ms2isc.pl
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/Registry.pm
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/dhcp.spec
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/dhclient-tz-exithook.sh
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/3.0b1-lease-convert
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/RELNOTES
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/README
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/LICENSE
/usr/local/doc/dhcp
/usr/local/doc
/usr/local/bin/omshell
/usr/local/bin
## Updating system information.

Removal of was successful.

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

算了，回頭看一下原來的機器，用的是 v3.0.4 版的，好吧，再去找了一下，v3.0.4 版的是找不到，不過還好在 SunFreeware 還有給 Solaris10 用的 DHCP v3.0.5 (dhcp-3.0.5-sol10-sparc-local.gz) 的版本，一樣，先抓來解壓縮：

gunzip dhcp-3.0.5-sol10-sparc-local.gz

接著裝上去吧：

17ksh# pkgadd -d dhcp-3.0.5-sol10-sparc-local

The following packages are available:
1 SMCdhcp dhcp
(sparc) 3.0.5

Select package(s) you wish to process (or 'all' to process
all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]: all

Processing package instance from

dhcp(sparc) 3.0.5
ISC
Using as the package base directory.
## Processing package information.
## Processing system information.
7 package pathnames are already properly installed.
## Verifying disk space requirements.
## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.
## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

Installing dhcp as

## Installing part 1 of 1.
/usr/local/bin/omshell
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/LICENSE
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/README
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/RELNOTES
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/3.0b1-lease-convert
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/dhcp.spec
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/Registry.pm
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/ms2isc.pl
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/ms2isc/readme.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/sethostname.sh
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/contrib/solaris.init
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/IANA-arp-parameters
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/api+protocol
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/draft-ietf-dhc-authentication-14.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-dns-12.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/draft-ietf-dhc-failover-07.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient-script.8
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.8
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.conf.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.leases.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhcp-eval.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/ja_JP.eucJP/dhcp-options.5
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/rfc1542.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/rfc2131.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/rfc2132.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/rfc2485.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/rfc2489.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/doc/rfc951.txt
/usr/local/doc/dhcp/site.conf
/usr/local/include/dhcpctl.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/boolean.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/dst.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/int.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/lang.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/list.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/result.h
/usr/local/include/isc-dhcp/types.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/alloc.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/buffer.h
/usr/local/include/omapip/omapip.h
/usr/local/lib/libdhcpctl.a
/usr/local/lib/libomapi.a
/usr/local/man/man1/omshell.1
/usr/local/man/man1m/dhclient-script.1m
/usr/local/man/man1m/dhclient.1m
/usr/local/man/man1m/dhcpd.1m
/usr/local/man/man1m/dhcrelay.1m
/usr/local/man/man3/dhcpctl.3
/usr/local/man/man3/omapi.3
/usr/local/man/man3/omshell.3
/usr/local/man/man4/dhclient.conf.4
/usr/local/man/man4/dhclient.leases.4
/usr/local/man/man4/dhcp-eval.4
/usr/local/man/man4/dhcp-options.4
/usr/local/man/man4/dhcpd.conf.4
/usr/local/man/man4/dhcpd.leases.4
/usr/local/sbin/dhclient
/usr/local/sbin/dhclient-script
/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd
/usr/local/sbin/dhcrelay
[ verifying class ]

Installation of was successful.

root@KHXDNSS1:/opt/SW_Package

18ksh# pkginfo |grep dhcp
application SMCdhcp dhcp

root@KHXDNSS1:/opt/SW_Package

裝完，先直接跑跑看囉，這裡我先把舊的設定檔放到 /etc/dhcpd.conf，另外我指定把ip租借表寫到 /var/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases 去：

26ksh# /usr/local/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf /etc/dhcpd.conf -lf /var/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases &
[1] 3566

root@KHXDNSS1:/opt/SW_Package

開始執行之後自然有 log 出現：

27ksh# Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server V3.0.5
Copyright 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/
WARNING: Host declarations are global. They are not limited to the scope you declared them in.
Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file.
Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file.
Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Listening on DLPI/bge0/00:14:4f:a9:83:50/cluster
Sending on DLPI/bge0/00:14:4f:a9:83:50/cluster
Sending on Socket/fallback/fallback-net
27ksh# ps -aef |grep dhcp
root 3566 3497 0 15:18:11 pts/3 0:00 /usr/local/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf /etc/dhcpd.conf -lf /var/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

嗯，看來這次跑起ok了～

不過，在 Solaris 10 上已經用 SMF服務命令行管理工具來進行系統服務管理了，但，現在這新開張的 isc-dhcp 倒是還沒納入管理，雖說也可寫個 /etc/rc2.d/S97dhcpd 之類的給他自己跑，不過對管理上總是不合規矩，還是讓他也統一吧。

簡單的說就是先寫一個 isc-dhcp 專用的 xml 檔，這裡我們就 vi 一個 isc-dhcp.xml 如下：

28ksh# vi /var/svc/manifest/network/isc-dhcp.xml

接著我們 vi 一個 service 執行用的簡單 shell script 叫做 /usr/sbin/startdhcp.sh，這個在剛剛的 xml 裡面有定義到：

30ksh# cat /usr/sbin/startdhcp.sh
#!/sbin/sh -x

if [ ! -f /usr/local/sbin/dhcpd ]
then
echo "/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd does not exist"
exit 1
fi

/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf /etc/dhcpd.conf -lf /var/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases&

這裡做完之後記得最後一個步驟就是：

32ksh# svccfg import /var/svc/manifest/network/isc-dhcp.xml

這樣就可以用 svcs -a 去查詢服務的狀態，用 svcadm 去啟動或是停止 isc-dhcp 的服務了：

33ksh# svcs -a|grep dhcp
disabled 16:34:28 svc:/network/dhcp-server:default
disabled 18:07:07 svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default

23ksh# svcadm enable isc-dhcp

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
24ksh# svcs -a|grep dhcp
disabled 16:34:28 svc:/network/dhcp-server:default
offline 18:10:23 svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

看起來仍有些問題，那就用 -x 或 -v 的選項來看看問題出在哪吧：

37ksh# svcs -x isc-dhcp
svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default (DHCP server)
State: offline since Wed Apr 01 18:10:23 2009
Reason: Service svc:/milestone/multi-user:default
is not running because a method failed.
See: http://sun.com/msg/SMF-8000-GE
See: in.dhcpd(1M)
Impact: 2 dependent services are not running. (Use -v for list.)

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

38ksh# svcs -xv isc-dhcp
svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default (DHCP server)
State: offline since Wed Apr 01 18:10:23 2009
Reason: Service svc:/milestone/multi-user:default
is not running because a method failed.
See: http://sun.com/msg/SMF-8000-GE
Path: svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default
svc:/milestone/multi-user:default
See: man -M /usr/share/man -s 1M in.dhcpd
Impact: 2 dependent services are not running:
svc:/milestone/multi-user-server:default
svc:/system/zones:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

看的出來是 svc:/milestone/multi-user:default 的影響，這裡用另一個選項 -d 來看看有沒有 dependent services：

39ksh# svcs -v isc-dhcp
STATE NSTATE STIME CTID FMRI
offline - 18:10:23 - svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
40ksh# svcs -d isc-dhcp
STATE STIME FMRI
maintenance 17:04:47 svc:/milestone/multi-user:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

原來 svc:/milestone/multi-user:default 在 maintenance mode 啊，那就先把他給重啟好了：

41ksh# svcadm disable svc:/milestone/multi-user:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
42ksh# svcs -d isc-dhcp
STATE STIME FMRI
disabled 18:19:43 svc:/milestone/multi-user:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
43ksh# svcadm enable svc:/milestone/multi-user:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
44ksh# svcs -d isc-dhcp
STATE STIME FMRI
online 18:19:55 svc:/milestone/multi-user:default

好了，svc:/milestone/multi-user:default 已經正常跑起來了，再查看一下 isc-dhcp 看看：

45ksh# svcs -x isc-dhcp
svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default (DHCP server)
State: maintenance since Wed Apr 01 18:19:57 2009
Reason: Restarting too quickly.
See: http://sun.com/msg/SMF-8000-L5
See: in.dhcpd(1M)
See: /var/svc/log/network-isc-dhcp:default.log
Impact: This service is not running.

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

現在沒別的因素在影響了，也重啟一下isc-dhcp 吧：

46ksh# ps -aef |grep dhcp

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
47ksh# svcs -a|grep isc-dhcp
maintenance 18:19:57 svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
48ksh# svcadm disable isc-dhcp

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
49ksh# svcs -a|grep isc-dhcp
disabled 18:21:11 svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
50ksh# svcadm enable isc-dhcp

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
51ksh# svcs -a|grep isc-dhcp
online 18:21:18 svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
52ksh# ps -aef |grep dhcp
root 1101 1 0 18:21:19 ? 0:00 /usr/local/sbin/dhcpd -d -cf /etc/dhcpd.conf -lf /var/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
53ksh# svcs -x isc-dhcp
svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default (DHCP server)
State: online since Wed Apr 01 18:21:18 2009
See: in.dhcpd(1M)
See: /var/svc/log/network-isc-dhcp:default.log
Impact: None.

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
54ksh# svcs -v isc-dhcp
STATE NSTATE STIME CTID FMRI
online - 18:21:18 106 svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
55ksh# svcs -xv isc-dhcp
svc:/network/isc-dhcp:default (DHCP server)
State: online since Wed Apr 01 18:21:18 2009
See: man -M /usr/share/man -s 1M in.dhcpd
See: /var/svc/log/network-isc-dhcp:default.log
Impact: None.

root@KHXDNSS1:/root
56ksh# svcs -d isc-dhcp
STATE STIME FMRI
online 18:19:55 svc:/milestone/multi-user:default

root@KHXDNSS1:/root

現在一切都正常了，做個測試看看能不能正常派發 IP 吧：

57ksh# tail -f /var/svc/log/network-isc-dhcp:default.log
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/
WARNING: Host declarations are global. They are not limited to the scope you declared them in.
Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file.
Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file.
Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
[ Apr 1 18:21:18 Method "start" exited with status 0 ]
Listening on DLPI/bge0/00:14:4f:a9:83:50/cluster
Sending on DLPI/bge0/00:14:4f:a9:83:50/cluster
Sending on Socket/fallback/fallback-net

DHCPDISCOVER from 00:11:3f:c1:5a:ac via 10.71.252.254
DHCPOFFER on 10.71.252.13 to 00:11:3f:c1:5a:ac via 10.71.252.254
DHCPREQUEST for 10.71.252.13 (10.17.25.22) from 00:11:3f:c1:5a:ac via 10.71.252.254
DHCPACK on 10.71.252.13 to 00:11:3f:c1:5a:ac via 10.71.252.254

DHCPDISCOVER from 00:11:3f:c1:5a:ae via 10.71.252.254
DHCPOFFER on 10.71.252.14 to 00:11:3f:c1:5a:ae via 10.71.252.254
DHCPREQUEST for 10.71.252.14 (10.17.25.22) from 00:11:3f:c1:5a:ae via 10.71.252.254
DHCPACK on 10.71.252.14 to 00:11:3f:c1:5a:ae via 10.71.252.254
^C
root@KHXDNSS1:/root

OK，看來都沒問題了，搞定收工～

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