DHCP server 上發生 Can't open lease database /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases: Permission denied -- 的錯誤訊息

11:02:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
這兩天為了將 DHCP server 的 IP 租用紀錄檔變更到另外兩台有裝 Veritas cluster 的機器所 mount 的 Dell-MD3000 storage 上，首先，我所想到的方法有兩個，第一個是直接更改 /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd 檔案中關於 daemons start 的那一部份，加上 -lf /path-of-leases-file (例如：/NFSDB/dhcp/dhcpd.leases) 的 option，另一種方法是直接把遠端的 /DB/dhcp mount 到 DHCP server 的 /var/lib/dhcp 來，沒想到不管哪一種都發生了 DHCP server 上的 dhcpd 起不來的問題。

以下的範例是將遠端 KHXDB server (也就是 Veritas cluster 的 VIP) 上的 /DB mount 到 DHCP server 上的 /NFSDB 來，然後再將 /NFSDB/dhcp mount 到 /var/lib/dhcp 來：
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# mount -o bind /NFSDB/dhcp /var/lib/dhcp
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 4.0G 1.8G 2.1G 46% /
/dev/sda1 1012M 40M 921M 5% /boot
none 4.0G 0 4.0G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda3 4.0G 41M 3.7G 2% /inactive_root
/dev/sda6 21G 77M 19G 1% /others
KHXDB:/DB 537G 105M 510G 1% /NFSDB
/NFSDB/dhcp 537G 105M 510G 1% /var/lib/dhcp
原來的 /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases 在這時已經被指到 KHXDB:/DB/dhcp/dhcpd.leases 去了：
然後將 dhcpd servive 重啟，就出現了 Can't open lease database /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases: Permission denied -- 的錯誤訊息，
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# service dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server V3.0.1
Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/
Can't open lease database /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases: Permission denied --
check for failed database rewrite attempt!
Please read the dhcpd.leases manual page if you
don't know what to do about this.

If you did not get this software from ftp.isc.org, please
get the latest from ftp.isc.org and install that before
requesting help.

If you did get this software from ftp.isc.org and have not
yet read the README, please read it before requesting help.
If you intend to request help from the dhcp-server@isc.org
mailing list, please read the section on the README about
submitting bug reports and requests for help.

Please do not under any circumstances send requests for
help directly to the authors of this software - please
send them to the appropriate mailing list as described in
the README file.

exiting.
[FAILED]
偏偏，在開啟除錯模式，並把 dhcpd 放到“幕前” （foreground）來執行後發現一切正常：
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -f eth0 -lf /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server V3.0.1
Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/
Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Listening on LPF/eth0/00:1e:c9:ad:55:bf/0/0
Sending on LPF/eth0/00:1e:c9:ad:55:bf/0/0
Sending on Socket/fallback/fallback-net
在幾次測試之後，終於發現只要改到 IP 租用紀錄檔的指定路徑 (例如：/NFSDB/dhcp/dhcpd.leases)，或是這個路徑是經過 mount 過的路徑，都會造成 service dhcpd start 失敗。幾經波折，才發現原來這一台 DHCP server 是使用公司精裝的 OS 版本 (RHEL ES4 U6一片 CD 裝)，而且重點是，居然把 SELinux 給 enable 了......真是給他一個無語，以前自己裝的 RHEL OS 都習慣性的把 SELinux 給 disable 掉，所以這次才完全沒想到這個方向去，所以接下來便是進去改設定囉：

這裡就直接進 X GUI 畫面，到安全配制項目內，於 SELinux 項目內把 dhcp 部分設定為不監控處理即可。首先：
接著，點開 Modify SELinux Policy 底下 SELinux Service Protection，然後把第一項 Disable SELinux protection for dhcpd daemon 打勾，再按 OK 就行了～
當然要關閉整個 SELinux 也是可行方式，不過這裡就以第一種方式來處理囉。
改完之後，已經可以直接用 service dhcpd start 的方式成功的帶起 dhcpd service 囉：
root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# service dhcpd restart
Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]#
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# ps -aef |grep dhcp
root 21218 1 0 21:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/dhcpd eth0
root 21223 20605 0 21:08 pts/0 00:00:00 grep dhcp

檢查一下新的 IP 租用紀錄檔果然已經有新的租用訊息寫進來囉：
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# cat /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
# All times in this file are in UTC (GMT), not your local timezone. This is
# not a bug, so please don't ask about it. There is no portable way to
# store leases in the local timezone, so please don't request this as a
# feature. If this is inconvenient or confusing to you, we sincerely
# apologize. Seriously, though - don't ask.
# The format of this file is documented in the dhcpd.leases(5) manual page.
# This lease file was written by isc-dhcp-V3.0.1

lease 10.69.100.244 {
starts 2 2008/07/08 13:02:25;
ends 2 2008/07/08 19:02:25;
binding state active;
next binding state free;
hardware ethernet 00:17:c4:12:77:65;
uid "\001\000\027\304\022we";
client-hostname "WiMAX-demoXX";
}
這裡加註一下：可以用 ls -Z 去觀察一下 /var/lib/dhcp 的目錄屬性，可以秀出關於 SELinux 的權限部分喔：
下面第一部份是修改 SELinux 之前：
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# ls -alZ /var/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t .
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_t ..
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:rpm_var_lib_t alternatives
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t cs
drwx------ apache apache system_u:object_r:var_lib_t dav
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:dhcp_state_t dhcp
drwxr-x--- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t dhcpv6
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t games
-rw-r--r-- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t logrotate.status
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t misc
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_nfs_t nfs
drwxr-xr-x ntp ntp system_u:object_r:ntp_drift_t ntp
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t pcmcia
-rw------- root root user_u:object_r:var_lib_t random-seed
drwxr-xr-x rpm rpm system_u:object_r:rpm_var_lib_t rpm
drwxr-xr-x root root user_u:object_r:var_lib_t scrollkeeper
drwxr-x--- root slocate system_u:object_r:var_lib_t slocate
-rw-r--r-- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t supportinfo
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t up2date
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t xkb
下面這一部份是修改 SELinux 之後，並掛載遠端機器的目錄，會發現 /var/lib/dhcp 的目錄權限部分會被變更，所以在修改 SELinux 之前才會 dhcpd 一直啟動失敗：
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# ls -alZ /var/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t .
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_t ..
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:rpm_var_lib_t alternatives
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t cs
drwx------ apache apache system_u:object_r:var_lib_t dav
drwxr-xr-x root root dhcp
drwxr-x--- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t dhcpv6
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t games
-rw-r--r-- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t logrotate.status
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t misc
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_nfs_t nfs
drwxr-xr-x ntp ntp system_u:object_r:ntp_drift_t ntp
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t pcmcia
-rw------- root root user_u:object_r:var_lib_t random-seed
drwxr-xr-x rpm rpm system_u:object_r:rpm_var_lib_t rpm
drwxr-xr-x root root user_u:object_r:var_lib_t scrollkeeper
drwxr-x--- root slocate system_u:object_r:var_lib_t slocate
-rw-r--r-- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t supportinfo
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t up2date
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t xkb
接下來的部分是把遠端的載點 Umount 掉之後的狀態：
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# umount /var/lib/dhcp
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# ls -alZ /var/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t .
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_t ..
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:rpm_var_lib_t alternatives
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t cs
drwx------ apache apache system_u:object_r:var_lib_t dav
drwxr-xr-x root root root:object_r:var_lib_t dhcp
drwxr-x--- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t dhcpv6
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t games
-rw-r--r-- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t logrotate.status
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t misc
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_nfs_t nfs
drwxr-xr-x ntp ntp system_u:object_r:ntp_drift_t ntp
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t pcmcia
-rw------- root root user_u:object_r:var_lib_t random-seed
drwxr-xr-x rpm rpm system_u:object_r:rpm_var_lib_t rpm
drwxr-xr-x root root user_u:object_r:var_lib_t scrollkeeper
drwxr-x--- root slocate system_u:object_r:var_lib_t slocate
-rw-r--r-- root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t supportinfo
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t up2date
drwxr-xr-x root root system_u:object_r:var_lib_t xkb
對了，附註一點，/var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases 檔案中的時間是採用 GMT 所以跟系統實際有所差異，這是正常的。 (詳全文...)
標籤：   0 意見

以 X-Manager 來連 Linux 的圖形介面

7:30:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
在安裝完新的 Linux 機器之後，如果有將 X11 跑起來，並把 run-level 設為 5 的話，應該就可以進到 Linux 的圖形介面了，但當想要遠端連進去使用 Linux 的圖形介面時，該怎麼辦呢？
這裡我們用 X-Manager 來示範連上 Linux 機器的 XDMCP session：

一般我看到的資料是寫著如下的步驟：
· Edit /etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess file
>> uncomment the line “# * #any host can get a login window”.
· Edit /etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config file
>> comment out the line “DisplayManager.RequestPort: 0″.
· Edit /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf file
>> set the enable status to True (or 1) in [xdmcp] section.
· Edit /etc/kde/kdm/kdmrc file
>> set the enable status to True (or 1) in [xdmcp] section.
· reboot system.
· The system needs to run in init level 5 (/etc/inittab).
但是，據我測試的結果，其實只要下面的步驟就好了：
· Edit /etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess file
>> uncomment the line “# * #any host can get a login window”.
· Edit /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf file
>> set the enable status to true (or 1) in [xdmcp] section.
· Edit /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf file
>> uncomment the line "Port=177" in [xdmcp] section.
· reboot system.
機器重啟之後，就可以打開你的 Xmanager3 來連上機器囉：
1. 打開 Xbrowser 直接點選 New 來建一個新的 XDMCP session：
2. 敲入機器的 IP address 之後按 Next :
下面這一頁可以跳過直接按 Next：
4. 填入一個易於辨別的 Session Name 吧，通常 Host name 就好；記得下面的"Execute the session when this new session wizard is finished"接著按 Finish：
5. 在右邊的工作區點選剛剛建立的 KHXAAAS1 按右鍵 Properties ：
6. 假如你像我有多個網卡時，在 Local Address 處下拉選擇正確要 Display 的 IP address：
7. 確定之後 open 剛剛建立的 KHXAAAS1：
8. 敲入 User name 跟 Password 之後，呵呵，漂亮的圖形介面就出現囉～
附上參考的網站：How to configure a new Linux host to accept XDMCP sessions
 (詳全文...)
標籤： ,   5 意見

用 dmidecode 來看 LINUX 或 Solaris 的硬體訊息

1:00:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
在 Linux 系統開機狀態下要看目前的 CPU, Memory 狀態，基本的狀態可以由 /proc/cpuinfo 和 /proc/meminfo 得知，但是...你知道你的機器是雙核心？四核心？還是單核的呢？實體有一顆還是兩顆ㄌㄟ？記憶體到底是插了幾個 slot 呢？恐怕就沒辦法從剛剛的兩個檔案中得知了；甚至於萬一機器遠在別縣市客戶的 site，卻又臨時需要查看機器的序號時，這時候有個實用的工具可以輕易的配合來完成這個需求。

那就是 dmidecode 了，他支援了很多的系統喔：
* Linux i386
* Linux x86_64
* Linux ia64
* FreeBSD i386
* FreeBSD x86_64
* NetBSD i386
* OpenBSD i386
* BeOS i386
* Cygwin i386
* Solaris x86 (CVS version)
dmidecode 官方網站：http://www.nongnu.org/dmidecode/
dmidecode 下載位置：http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/dmidecode/

下面就是在我的一台機器 (Dell 2950 Power edge with 2 quad core processors, 8G RAM) 上跑出來的結果，給大家參考參考：(其中 Handle 0x0400~Handle 0x0401 秀出的是兩顆實體 CPU 的訊息，另外 Handle 0x1101~Handle 0x1104 可以看到每個 slot 各插 2G的記憶體，總共是8G的記憶體；這一台機器最大可安插的記憶體量為 32GB 可安裝於 DIMM1~8，可參考 Handle 0x1000 的數據。)
[root@KHXDBS1 ~]# dmidecode
# dmidecode 2.2
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
66 structures occupying 3399 bytes.
Table at 0xCFB9C000.
Handle 0xDA00
DMI type 218, 11 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
DA 0B 00 DA B2 00 17 00 0E 20 00
Handle 0x0000
DMI type 0, 24 bytes.
BIOS Information
Vendor: Dell Inc.
Version: 2.2.6
Release Date: 02/05/2008
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 1024 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PNP is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
5.25"/360 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Handle 0x0100
DMI type 1, 27 bytes.
System Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Product Name: PowerEdge 2950
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: BQFQV1S
UUID: 44454C4C-5100-1046-8051-C2C04F563153
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
Handle 0x0200
DMI type 2, 9 bytes.
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Product Name: 0J250G
Version: A00
Serial Number: ..CN1374084800LQ.
Handle 0x0300
DMI type 3, 21 bytes.
Chassis Information
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Type: Rack Mount Chassis
Lock: Present
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: BQFQV1S
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Boot-up State: Safe
Power Supply State: Safe
Thermal State: Safe
Security Status: Unknown
OEM Information: 0x00000000
Heigth: 2 U
Number Of Power Cords: Unspecified
Contained Elements: 0
Handle 0x0400
DMI type 4, 40 bytes.
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: 76 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 17, Stepping 6
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (Fast floating-point save and restore)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Hyper-threading technology)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
SBF (Signal break on FERR)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5410 @ 2.33GHz
Voltage: 1.4 V
External Clock: 1333 MHz
Max Speed: 3600 MHz
Current Speed: 2333 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade:
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0700
L2 Cache Handle: 0x0701
L3 Cache Handle: 0x0702
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified

Handle 0x0401
DMI type 4, 40 bytes.
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU2
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: 76 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 17, Stepping 6
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (Fast floating-point save and restore)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Hyper-threading technology)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
SBF (Signal break on FERR)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5410 @ 2.33GHz
Voltage: 1.4 V
External Clock: 1333 MHz
Max Speed: 3600 MHz
Current Speed: 2333 MHz
Status: Populated, Idle
Upgrade:
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0703
L2 Cache Handle: 0x0704
L3 Cache Handle: 0x0705
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified

Handle 0x0700
DMI type 7, 19 bytes.
Cache Information
Socket Designation: Not Specified
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 128 KB
Maximum Size: 128 KB
Supported SRAM Types:
Unknown
Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
System Type: Data
Associativity: 8-way Set-associative

Handle 0x0701
DMI type 7, 19 bytes.
Cache Information
Socket Designation: Not Specified
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 12288 KB
Maximum Size: 12288 KB
Supported SRAM Types:
Unknown
Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
System Type: Unified
Associativity: Other

Handle 0x0702
DMI type 7, 19 bytes.
Cache Information
Socket Designation: Not Specified
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 0 KB
Maximum Size: 0 KB
Supported SRAM Types:
Unknown
Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
System Type: Unified
Associativity: Unknown

Handle 0x0703
DMI type 7, 19 bytes.
Cache Information
Socket Designation: Not Specified
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 128 KB
Maximum Size: 128 KB
Supported SRAM Types:
Unknown
Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
System Type: Data
Associativity: 8-way Set-associative

Handle 0x0704
DMI type 7, 19 bytes.
Cache Information
Socket Designation: Not Specified
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 12288 KB
Maximum Size: 12288 KB
Supported SRAM Types:
Unknown
Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
System Type: Unified
Associativity: Other

Handle 0x0705
DMI type 7, 19 bytes.
Cache Information
Socket Designation: Not Specified
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 0 KB
Maximum Size: 0 KB
Supported SRAM Types:
Unknown
Installed SRAM Type: Unknown
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Single-bit ECC
System Type: Unified
Associativity: Unknown

Handle 0x0800
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: DB-15 female
Port Type: Video Port

Handle 0x0801
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: DB-15 female
Port Type: Video Port

Handle 0x0802
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
Port Type: USB

Handle 0x0803
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
Port Type: USB

Handle 0x0804
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
Port Type: USB

Handle 0x0805
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
Port Type: USB

Handle 0x0806
DMI type 126, 9 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x0807
DMI type 126, 9 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x0808
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: None
Port Type: USB

Handle 0x0809
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: RJ-45
Port Type: Network Port

Handle 0x080A
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: RJ-45
Port Type: Network Port

Handle 0x080B
DMI type 8, 9 bytes.
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Not Specified
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Not Specified
External Connector Type: DB-9 male
Port Type: Serial Port 16550A Compatible

Handle 0x0900
DMI type 9, 17 bytes.
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI1
Type:
Current Usage: Available
Length: Long
Characteristics:
3.3 V is provided
PME signal is supported

Handle 0x0901
DMI type 9, 17 bytes.
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI2
Type:
Current Usage: Available
Length: Long
Characteristics:
3.3 V is provided
PME signal is supported

Handle 0x0902
DMI type 9, 17 bytes.
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI3
Type:
Current Usage: In Use
Length: Long
Characteristics:
3.3 V is provided
PME signal is supported

Handle 0x0903
DMI type 126, 17 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x0904
DMI type 126, 17 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x0905
DMI type 126, 17 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x0A00
DMI type 10, 10 bytes.
On Board Device Information
Type: Video
Status: Enabled
Description: Embedded ATI ES1000 Video
On Board Device Information
Type: Ethernet
Status: Enabled
Description: Embedded Broadcom 5708 NIC 1
On Board Device Information
Type: Ethernet
Status: Enabled
Description: Embedded Broadcom 5708 NIC 2

Handle 0x0B00
DMI type 11, 5 bytes.
OEM Strings
String 1: Dell System
String 2: 5[0000]
Handle 0x7E00
DMI type 126, 154 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x0C00
DMI type 12, 5 bytes.
System Configuration Options
Option 1: NVRAM_CLR: Clear user settable NVRAM areas and set defaults
Option 2: PWRD_EN: Close to enable password

Handle 0x0D00
DMI type 13, 22 bytes.
BIOS Language Information
Installable Languages: 1
en|US|iso8859-1
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1

Handle 0x1000
DMI type 16, 15 bytes.
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 8

Handle 0x1100
DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 2048 MB
Form Factor:
Set: 1
Locator: DIMM1
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
Manufacturer: 80CE808980CE
Serial Number: 052469A5
Asset Tag: 010817
Part Number: M395T5750EZ4-CE65

Handle 0x1101
DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 2048 MB
Form Factor:
Set: 1
Locator: DIMM2
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
Manufacturer: 80CE808980CE
Serial Number: 0524673C
Asset Tag: 010817
Part Number: M395T5750EZ4-CE65

Handle 0x1102
DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 2048 MB
Form Factor:
Set: 2
Locator: DIMM3
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
Manufacturer: 80CE808980CE
Serial Number: 052469A4
Asset Tag: 010817
Part Number: M395T5750EZ4-CE65

Handle 0x1103
DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 2048 MB
Form Factor:
Set: 2
Locator: DIMM4
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
Manufacturer: 80CE808980CE
Serial Number: 05246B9B
Asset Tag: 010817
Part Number: M395T5750EZ4-CE65

Handle 0x1104
DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 3
Locator: DIMM5
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:

Handle 0x1105
DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 3
Locator: DIMM6
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:

Handle 0x1106
DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 4
Locator: DIMM7
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:

Handle 0x1107
DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 4
Locator: DIMM8
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:

Handle 0x1108
DMI type 126, 28 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x1109
DMI type 126, 28 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x110A
DMI type 126, 28 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x110B
DMI type 126, 28 bytes.
Inactive
Handle 0x1300
DMI type 19, 15 bytes.
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x000CFFFFFFF
Range Size: 3328 MB
Physical Array Handle: 0x1000
Partition Width: 0

Handle 0x1301
DMI type 19, 15 bytes.
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00100000000
Ending Address: 0x0022FFFFFFF
Range Size: 4864 MB
Physical Array Handle: 0x1000
Partition Width: 0

Handle 0x2000
DMI type 32, 11 bytes.
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected

Handle 0x2600
DMI type 38, 18 bytes.
IPMI Device Information
Interface Type: KCS (Keyboard Control Style)
Specification Version: 2.0
I2C Slave Address: 0x10
NV Storage Device: Not Present
Base Address: 0x0000000000000CA8 (I/O)
Register Spacing: 32-bit Boundaries

Handle 0x2900
DMI type 41, 11 bytes.
Unknown Type
Header And Data:
29 0B 00 29 01 85 01 00 00 03 00
Strings:
Embedded NIC 1

Handle 0x2901
DMI type 41, 11 bytes.
Unknown Type
Header And Data:
29 0B 01 29 01 85 02 00 00 07 00
Strings:
Embedded NIC 2

Handle 0xD000
DMI type 208, 19 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D0 13 00 D0 02 00 FE 00 B2 01 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 02

Handle 0xD200
DMI type 210, 12 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D2 0C 00 D2 F8 03 04 03 06 80 04 05

Handle 0xD400
DMI type 212, 127 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D4 7F 00 D4 70 00 71 00 00 10 2D 2E 03 00 11 7F
80 04 00 11 7F 00 42 00 11 FE 01 43 00 11 FE 00
00 00 11 9F 20 00 00 11 9F 00 6E 01 11 9F 20 6D
01 11 9F 00 31 40 11 FB 00 32 40 11 FB 04 9D 00
11 FD 02 9E 00 11 FD 00 9F 00 26 FE 01 A0 00 26
FE 00 51 00 26 3F 00 52 00 26 3F 40 53 00 26 3F
80 54 00 26 3F C0 28 40 26 DF 20 29 40 26 DF 00
D6 01 26 F7 00 D7 01 26 F7 08 FF FF 00 00 00

Handle 0xD401
DMI type 212, 207 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D4 CF 01 D4 70 00 71 00 03 40 5A 6D 6B 00 78 7F
80 6C 00 78 7F 00 58 00 78 FA 05 59 00 78 FA 00
5C 00 78 BF 40 5D 00 78 BF 00 04 80 78 FD 02 01
A0 78 FD 00 00 00 55 E7 00 00 00 55 E7 08 00 00
55 E7 10 6C 01 57 FC 00 6B 01 57 FC 01 6A 01 57
FC 02 77 01 54 FC 00 78 01 54 FC 01 79 01 54 FC
02 7A 01 54 FC 03 33 40 54 CF 00 34 40 54 CF 10
35 40 54 CF 20 36 40 54 CF 30 1A 40 54 FB 04 1B
40 54 FB 00 1C 40 54 F7 08 1D 40 54 F7 00 43 40
58 DF 20 42 40 58 DF 00 6E 00 58 FC 01 2D 00 58
FC 02 DA 01 58 FC 03 2E 00 58 FC 00 22 40 58 EF
10 23 40 58 EF 00 BB 00 58 F3 04 BC 00 58 F3 08
DB 01 58 F3 0C BA 00 58 F3 00 FF FF 00 00 00

Handle 0xD402
DMI type 212, 47 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D4 2F 02 D4 70 00 71 00 03 40 5A 6D D8 00 55 7F
80 D9 00 55 7F 00 00 C0 5C 00 0A 03 C0 67 00 05
83 00 76 00 00 84 00 77 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00

Handle 0xD403
DMI type 212, 247 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D4 F7 03 D4 72 00 73 00 00 40 5D 5E 71 01 46 FB
04 72 01 46 FB 00 73 01 46 F7 08 74 01 46 F7 00
00 00 46 FE 00 00 00 46 FE 01 4A 01 46 BF 40 4B
01 46 BF 00 D3 00 00 00 02 D4 00 02 00 02 00 90
2C 00 00 01 90 2D 00 00 00 00 49 EB 14 DB 00 49
EB 00 00 00 49 FC 00 00 00 49 FC 01 00 00 49 FC
02 00 00 49 7F 00 00 00 49 7F 80 17 01 4A FE 00
18 01 4A FE 01 19 01 4A FD 00 1A 01 4A FD 02 00
00 4A FB 00 00 00 4A FB 04 00 00 4A F7 00 00 00
4A F7 08 35 01 4B FC 00 37 01 4B FC 01 3B 01 4B
F3 04 DE 00 63 FE 01 26 40 42 FE 01 27 40 42 FE
00 49 01 47 FE 01 48 01 47 FE 00 A1 00 45 CF 20
A3 00 45 CF 10 A2 00 45 CF 00 02 40 46 DF 00 01
40 46 DF 20 95 01 7E FC 00 96 01 7E FC 01 97 01
7E FC 02 09 80 7E F3 00 0A 80 7E F3 04 0B 80 7E
F3 08 FF FF 00 00 00

Handle 0xD404
DMI type 212, 77 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D4 4D 04 D4 72 00 73 00 00 40 5D 5E 41 40 40 FE
01 40 40 40 FE 00 CF 01 40 FD 02 D0 01 40 FD 00
45 40 40 F7 08 44 40 40 F7 00 FC 01 45 BF 00 FD
01 45 BF 40 40 01 47 FD 02 41 01 47 FD 00 31 02
47 FB 00 32 02 47 FB 04 FF FF 00 00 00

Handle 0xD405
DMI type 212, 27 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D4 1B 05 D4 70 00 71 00 03 40 5A 6D 12 02 57 EF
00 11 02 57 EF 10 FF FF 00 00 00

Handle 0xD800
DMI type 216, 9 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
D8 09 00 D8 01 02 01 00 00
Strings:
ATI
RN50 A20 BIOS

Handle 0xDE00
DMI type 222, 16 bytes.
OEM-specific Type
Header And Data:
DE 10 00 DE 01 04 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01

Handle 0x7F00
DMI type 127, 4 bytes.
End Of Table
[root@KHXDBS1 ~]#
 (詳全文...)
標籤： ,   1 意見

Firefox 3.0 下載拼金氏世界紀錄的證書喔

10:15:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
今天有一起幫忙創造小火狐下載金氏紀錄的人客啊，別忘了去領自己的證書喔～

中文版證書：按這裡
英文版證書：按這裡
日文版證書：按這裡 (詳全文...)
標籤：   0 意見

如何在 Firefox3 上面使用不相容的舊套件

7:30:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
今天開心的下載了小火狐 3.0 之後，發現...噫？我熟悉的那狂奔的小火狐的佈景主題ㄌㄟ？
還有一些常用的套件怎麼在相容性檢查中都掛了ㄌㄟ？
到 Firefox 附加元件的網頁去喵了一下，居然那幾個套件都沒有新版的了，
實在是用的習慣不想換啊....向 Google 大神祈求指示之後，找到了暫時的解決方案，
就是把附加元件相容性檢查給暫時關閉吧～

要怎麼做ㄌㄟ？只要以下三個步驟就行了：
1. 網址輸入「about:config」，接著按下 我會小心的，我保證！的按鈕。
2. 在頁面任一處按滑鼠右鍵選擇〔新增〕->〔真假 (Boolean) 值〕，然後在跳出的視窗中輸入「extensions.checkCompatibility」，將它設為「false」。這樣就可以關閉附加元件的相容檢查了。
3. 第二步驟再做一次，不過這次改成輸入「extensions.checkUpdateSecurity」，也是將它設為「false」。這樣可以關閉附加元件更新時的安全性檢查。
接著重新啟動一下小火狐，呵呵，慣用的套件就又回來囉～

參考資料：Make Your Extensions Work with the Firefox 3 Beta
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Firefox3 火狐鬥陣拼紀錄，有你一份！

9:15:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
火狐鬥陣拼紀錄，有你一份！

臺灣時間 6 月 18 日凌晨 1 點後 24 小時內大家一起來下載 Firefox 3，我們就有機會達成「單日最多人下載軟體」的金氏世界紀錄囉～加油，各位小火狐的愛用者～

時間開始之後可以到這裡下載囉：按我直接下載 (詳全文...)
標籤：   0 意見

實作 LINUX 改時區，與 NTP server 同步時間

9:30:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
剛裝好的機器，由於 OS 是安裝的是公司精簡版(國外 RD release 的版本)，Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES release 4 (Nahant Update 6) 4CD 被精簡成一片 CD，哇勒，一堆工具都被拿掉了...><|||，一開機發現裝好的機器時區居然是 UTC，UTC (Universal Time/Temps Cordonné 世界標準時間)，但我們這兒是要用 CST (Central Standard Time 國家標準時間，也有說是中原標準時間)啊，GMT + 8 = UTC + 8 = CST，雖然自己加 8 個小時就好，不過看起來就是給他有點小不舒服，還是改掉好了... 首先我們來看一下目前機器的時間吧：
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# date
Fri Jun 13 02:18:59 UTC 2008
果然是 UTC，接下就是要變更時區的步驟囉：
1. 先備份一下 /etc/sysconfig/clock 吧
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# cp -p /etc/sysconfig/clock /etc/sysconfig/clock.orig
2. 接著是編輯 /etc/sysconfig/clock ，並將原來的內容換成如下所示：
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/clock
ZONE="UTC"
UTC=true
ARC=false
換成：
ZONE="Asia/Taipei"
UTC=false
ARC=false
3. 再來是置換掉目前使用的 /etc/localtime 檔：
cp -p /etc/localtime /etc/localtime.orig
cp -p /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime
4. 完成囉～

接下來是讓機器跟 NTP server 同步一下系統時間吧：
1. 直接先用 ntpdate 的指令將時間同步一次，這裡使用 NTP server 的 IP 為 10.69.10.22：
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# ntpdate 10.69.10.22
13 Jun 11:22:30 ntpdate[20970]: step time server 10.69.10.22 offset 0.977210 sec
2. 用 hwclock -r 來查一下主機板上的系統時間為何：
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# date ; hwclock -r
Fri Jun 13 11:25:48 CST 2008
Fri 13 Jun 2008 11:25:48 AM CST -0.015905 seconds
3. 再 hwclock -w 將正確的時間寫回主機板上。
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# hwclock -w
再來是設定 NTP service 讓機器自動去跟 NTP server 校時：
1. 編輯 /etc/ntp.conf 檔案，並加入這兩行到檔案的最後：(其中：10.69.10.22是 NTP server 的 IP address)
[root@KHXDHCPS1 ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf
....
server 10.69.10.22 prefer
restrict 10.69.10.22 mask 255.255.255.255 nomodify notrap noquery
2. 接著讓 ntpd 在每次開機都會自動執行：
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# chkconfig --list|grep ntp
ntpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# chkconfig --list|grep ntp
ntpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@KHXAAAS1 bin]# service ntpd start
Starting ntpd: [ OK ]
3. 接下來可以用這幾個指令查詢一下 NTP sync. 的情況囉：
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# ntpstat
synchronised to NTP server (10.69.10.22) at stratum 5
time correct to within 81 ms
polling server every 128 s
[root@KHXPROVS1 ~]# ntptrace
127.0.0.1: stratum 5, offset -0.056545, synch distance 0.081977
KHXOMCS1: stratum 4, offset 0.000000, synch distance 0.010010

對了，附註一下，p.s. 如果有 firewall 的話，iptables 的 rule 中，需要在 INPUT chain 裡加入這一段 (這裡用開放 10.69.10.0/24 這個網域當範例)
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p UDP -i eth1 -s 10.69.10.0/24 --dport 123 -j ACCEPT
在 Firewall server 上應該會有像下面的結果：
[root@FW root]# iptables -L -n -v
Chain INPUT (policy DROP 3 packets, 315 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
14696 1524K ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22
397K 226M icmpfilter all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth1 * 10.69.10.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:123
395K 226M block1 all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
 (詳全文...)
標籤：   0 意見

用 PDF-XChange Viewer 來取代 Adobe Acrobat 吧

11:27:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
昨天心血來潮，查看了一下新增移除程式中的 Adobe Acrobat professional，發現這套軟體雖然是編輯 PDF 的功能很強大，但在 v8.1.2 版之後 (目前已經到 v9.0囉)，居然要佔掉我的硬碟 1.3G 的空間，真是越來越龐大了...感覺就好像看到 Nero 這套軟體的背影...記得，以前有抓過一套免費的 PDF 編輯軟體：PDF-XChange Viewer，於是就去詢問了一下 Google 大神，發現這到軟體已經到了 v2.035 的版本，而且還是繁體中文綠色免安裝的版本喔。

在下載完 PDF-XChange Viewer v2.035 之後，立刻就將 Adobe Acrobat v8.1.2 這個龐然大物直接從我的硬碟抹去，再將預設的 PDF 開啟軟體指定給 PDF-XChange Viewer。

PDF-XChange Viewer 是一套多功能的 PDF 閱讀器，它功能強大，不過另需安裝 .NETframework才能執行。它具有豐富的標註功能、多頁簽顯示、強大的導出圖像功能、批量搜索、放大與導航功能。支持中文註釋。

※特色※
- 支援多分頁瀏覽，還可以像 IE7 的縮圖索引一樣，將開啟的檔案產生縮圖於一頁，方便點選。
- 程序啟動速度不慢，PDF 檔載入速度很快，就算是大檔案也能很快載入。
- 可以顯示中文檔案。可以輸入中文檔案。
- 可以加文字，加注解，畫箭頭，畫線段，畫多邊形，還可儲存修改後的檔，不會加上浮水印。
- 可以將檔案輸出成圖片。
- 可以自動檢查更新。

這個版本解開壓縮之後不過才 10.2M 比起 Adobe Acrobat 所佔用的硬碟空間實在是小的可以了，甚至於比起 Adobe reader 都要來的小很多，而且用了之後覺得開啟 PDF 文件速度快上很多，而且我很喜歡他的多頁簽顯示功能，對於我這種一次都會開好幾個 PDF 檔來編輯的人，真是太方便了；另外，他的註釋的功能比起 Adobe Acrobat 也好用的多，起碼，字型及大小顏色可以自訂了。不過他似乎沒辦法外帶將一般如 .doc .xls ...之類的文件直接轉換成 PDF 檔，也沒辦法直接列印成 PDF 檔案格式，小遺憾。

有興趣的人可以參考一下：Tracker Software Products Ltd
目前似乎已經有 v2.037.2 中文安裝版了，至於 v2.035 繁中綠色免安裝版本，有興趣的問一下 Google 大神很容易就能找到下載點的。

另外有需要 .NET Framework 的可以到 .NET Framework Version 2.0 Redistributable Package (x86) 去下載吧。 (詳全文...)
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Solaris 10 基本用法之備忘錄

11:56:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
Solaris 10 改用 SMF 服務命令行管理工具來進行 Solaris 10 系統服務的管理，為了怕自己又忘記這些常用 command 的用法，只好貼上來備忘囉...

1. 用 svcs –a 來查看所有服務的狀態：

svcs 命令顯示服務實例的狀態（STATE）、開始時間（STIME）和 FMRI。每個服務的狀態都為下列狀態之一：
-- degraded－服務實例處於啟用狀態，但是以有限的功能運行。
-- disabled－服務實例處於禁用狀態且尚未運行。
-- legacy_run－傳統服務不由 SMF 進行管理，但是可查看服務。此狀態只能由傳統服務使用。
-- maintenance－服務實例遇到錯誤，必須由管理員解決。
-- offline－服務實例處於啟用狀態，但是尚未運行或者無法運行。
-- online－服務實例處於啟用狀態，並且已成功啟動。
-- uninitialized－此狀態是所有服務在配置經過讀取之前的初始狀態。

以下是常見服務的名稱 ：
network svc:/milestone/network:default
sshd svc:/network/ssh:default
cron svc:/system/cron:default
automount svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default
sendmail svc:/network/smtp:sendmail
nfs svc:/network/nfs/server:default
ntpd svc:/network/ntp:default
2. 用 svcs -v -x 檢查當前系統中的服務狀況，並自動診斷出服務出錯的原因。

3. 使用 | (管道符重定向)作更個性化的查找當前所有的服務狀態；例如：
# svcs |grep online 查看當前運行服務
# svcs |grep offline 查看當前停止服務
# svcs |grep ntp 查看 ntpd 服務狀態
4. 用 svcadm 來做 Service 的啟動、停止或重啟：
這裡用 ntpd 來做例子，如果要立刻停止或重啟服務，那麼可以使用 svcadm 的 -t 參數：
# svcadm disable -t network/ntp
(另一種下法是敲入完整的 FMRI 表示的服務名稱：
# svcadm disable -t svc:/network/ntp:default)
停止ntpd服務，等同于 /etc/init.d/ntpd stop
# svcadm enable -t network/ntp
啟動 ntpd 服務，等同于 /etc/init.d/ntpd start
# svcadm restart network/ntp
重啟(停止並啟動) ntpd 服務，等同于 /etc/init.d/ntpd stop; /etc/init.d/ntpd start
# svcadm refresh network/ntp
Relaod ntpd (重新讀取配置文件)，等同于 kill -HUP `cat /var/run/ntpd.pid`

最後的小注記：新裝的系統中由於沒有建立系統 DNS 解析配置檔 /etc/resolv.conf 會導致系統dns client 服務啟動失敗，而 dns client 則是許多服務的依賴前置服務，包括 inetd、sshd、sendmail...等幾乎所有的網路服務，就導致整個Solaris 10 系統中的所有網路服務啟動失敗。記得要在安裝完系統之後手動建立與設定 /etc/resolv.conf 和 /etc/defaultrouter 兩個檔案) (詳全文...)
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Solaris 10 變更 IP address

11:51:00 下午          By 洋蔥爸比 Tosian Yang
今天因為之前 IP plan 的一個疏忽，居然讓兩台 server 的 IP 衝到了，只好將其中一台 安裝了 Solaris 10 的 Sun server 改掉，手動將 /etc/hosts 變更之後，並確認過 /etc/hostname.bge0 也都正確後，重起網路，發現 bge0 的 IP address 居然沒改掉，東看西看，終於發現原來 /etc/hosts 居然不像以前用的 Solaris 8 會有 symbolic link 指向 /etc/inet/hosts 這個檔，
在手動將 /etc/inet/hosts 改掉重起網路之後，果然 bge0 的 IP address 已經變更完成。

將下面這些留著當筆記備用吧，果然東西不常用還是容易忘記啊～

要自己使用固定的 IP address 時，要設定檢查下面的幾個檔案：
/etc/nodename (寫 hostname 的地方啦)
/etc/hostname.bge*
/etc/defaultrouter
/etc/hosts (在 Solaris 10 裡用 symbolic link 指到 /etc/inet/hosts)
/etc/networks (在 Solaris 10 裡用 symbolic link 指到 /etc/inet/networks)
/etc/netmasks (在 Solaris 10 裡用 symbolic link 指到 /etc/inet/netmasks)
 (詳全文...)
標籤：   2 意見
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